论外部干扰环境质量监测系统行为的刑法规制  

On the Criminal Regulation of External Interference with Environmental Quality Monitoring Systems

作　　者：姜瀛[1] Jiang Ying

机构地区：[1]大连海事大学法学院

出　　处：《东方法学》2025年第1期159-170,共12页Oriental Law

基　　金：辽宁省社科规划基金项目“功能区分语境下数据权益的刑法保护体系研究”(项目批准号:L23BFX009)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：最高人民法院“第104号指导性案例”将以堵塞棉絮等方式干扰环境质量监测系统数据采集的行为解释为破坏计算机信息系统罪中的“干扰”,存在认知误区。立足于规范论层面围绕破坏计算机信息系统罪保护法益以及行为方式所展开的既有反思,忽视了事实层面的技术解析,说服力有所欠缺。基于事实层面的技术解析可知,环境质量监测系统具有“物、网”二元场域架构特征,堵塞棉絮等外部干扰行为直接作用于“物端”,阻碍了被采集的物质素材与采集设备之间的准确匹配,但并未对“系统端”施加任何操作,计算机信息系统运行中数据输入与结果输出的因果逻辑根本不会受到影响,因而难以成立破坏计算机信息系统罪。通过司法解释造法方式应对环境监测数据造假问题,导致重罪的不当适用,相较而言,基于立法新设罪名的回应进路更为妥当。The Supreme People's Court's Guiding Case No. 104, interprets the act of interfering with the data collection of an environmental quality monitoring system by means of blocking cotton fluff as "interference" in the crime of sabotaging a computer information system. This interpretation reflects a cognitive misunderstanding and exposes the dilemma of judicial criminalizing certain behaviors. The existing reflections on the normative aspects of the protection of legal interests and the behavioral patterns under the crime of sabotaging a computer information system overlook technical analysis at the factual level, leading to a lack of persuasive power. From a technical perspective at the factual level, environmental quality monitoring systems have both hardware and network architectures. External interference behaviors such as blocking with cotton fluff directly affect the "hardware" side, obstructing the accurate matching of material samples and collection devices. However, such acts do not impose any operation on the "system side", and the causal logic of data input and output in the operation of a computer information system remains unaffected. Therefore, such actions cannot constitute the crime of sabotaging a computer information system. Responding to the falsification of environmental monitoring data by creating laws through judicial interpretation leads to the improper application of felonies. In contrast, a more appropriate response would be to introduce new legislative provisions creating specific criminal offenses for such actions.

关 键 词：生态环境监测 法益 破坏计算机信息系统罪 数据造假 指导性案例 环境刑法 

分 类 号：DF61[政治法律—刑法学]