工业智能化、劳动力技能结构与行业收入差距  

Industrial Intelligence,Labor Skill Structure and Industry Income Gap

作　　者：孙早[1] 宗睿 SUN Zao;ZONG Rui(School of Economics and Finance,Xi’an Jiaotong University)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学经济与金融学院

出　　处：《中国工业经济》2025年第1期62-80,共19页China Industrial Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“人工智能发展对新时期中国就业的影响与应对政策研究”(批准号20AJY006);教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目“收入不平等对中国长期经济增长影响的研究”(批准号19YJA790077)。

摘　　要：工业智能化作为新一轮科技革命和产业变革的重要标志,在实现工业行业研发、生产提质增效的同时,不可避免地加剧了行业间的收入分化。本文将工业智能化变量纳入一个统一的行业收入差距分析框架,估计了工业智能化对中国工业行业收入差距的效应。研究发现,工业智能化总体上扩大了行业收入差距,应用上面临“低端化困局”,即在有效提升技能劳动力占比的同时,创造新技能劳动岗位的能力却较弱。工业智能化主要通过提升技能溢价、扩大行业间技术创新能力差异与产品创新能力差异的方式影响行业间收入差距。进一步发现,工业智能化导致“垄断强化效应”,即增强垄断行业的盈利能力,强化其资本密集度优势,使垄断行业获得更高的智能化转型收益,从而对垄断行业收入产生了更为显著的提升作用。本文认为,应针对不同产业的特征完善智能化转型的相关扶持政策,促使智能化朝着有利于创造技能劳动岗位的方向发展,要加大对非垄断行业智能化改造的扶持力度,避免因工业智能化而加剧行业收入不平等。本文为智能化时代中国工业顺利实现转型升级提供了政策启示。Since entering the 21st century,with the in-depth advancement of a new round of technological revolution and industrial changes characterized by networked,digitalization,and intelligence,major countries have used industrial robots as an important grasp of seizing a new round of competitive strategic system.However,the industry income gap as a by-product of technological progress has rapidly widened with the advancement of intelligent technology and its industrialization.This paper incorporates industrial intelligence into the current industry income gap analysis framework,which specifically analyzes the impact and role of industrial intelligence through labor skills structure,product,and technological innovation capabilities.From the perspective of the characteristics of the technical skill bias and increasing income,the inherent reasons for industrial intelligence to obtain higher income at the industry level through the capital density advantage and profitability advantage.In addition,this paper uses the data from China’s industrial sub-industry from 2005 to 2019 to match the industrial robot data of the International Robotics Federation to test the impact of industrial intelligence on the industry income gap.The findings indicate that industrial intelligence generally expands the industry income gap and effectively enhances the proportion of skilled labor.Industrial intelligence mainly enlarges the income gap between industries by promoting skill premiums and amplifying the difference in technological innovation and product innovation ability among industries.Further,industrial intelligence is more conducive to giving play to the advantages of profitability and capital density in the monopoly industries,thereby expanding the income gap between the monopoly industries and other industries.This paper has profound policy implications.The government should improve relevant industrial policies for the development of industrial intelligence,encourage enterprises to provide corresponding skill training and other me

关 键 词：工业智能化 行业收入差距 劳动力技能结构 行业垄断 

分 类 号：F424[经济管理—产业经济]