土壤调酸措施与施药剂量对毒死蜱流失的影响  

Effects of soil acid adjustment measures and application concentration on the loss of chlorpyrifos

作　　者：王晟 陈文 赵炫越 刘志宗 张乃明[2,3] WANG Sheng;CHEN Wen;ZHAO Xuanyue;LIU Zhizong;ZHANG Naiming(Yunnan Agricultural University College of Plant Protection,Kunming 650201,China;Yunnan Agricultural UniversityYunnan Provincial Soil Fertilization and Pollution Remediation Engineering Research Center,Kunming 650201,China;Yunnan Agricultural University College of Resources and Environment,Kunming 650201,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学植物保护学院,昆明650201 [2]云南农业大学云南省土壤培肥与污染修复工程研究中心,昆明650201 [3]云南农业大学资源与环境学院,昆明650201

出　　处：《农药》2025年第2期126-133,共8页Agrochemicals

基　　金：NSFC-云南联合基金重点项目(U2002210);云南省重大科技专项(202002AE320005)。

摘　　要：[目的]探究不同土壤调酸措施和喷施浓度条件下毒死蜱的流失特征。[方法]以抚仙湖北岸蓝莓种植区作为研究区,采用田间试验手段,设置650、1000、1350 g/hm^(2)3个喷施剂量,分析不同调酸措施土壤中毒死蜱径流和淋溶的流失规律。[结果]毒死蜱在径流和淋溶中的动态消解过程均符合一级动力学方程;相同调酸措施下,毒死蜱在径流和淋溶中的消解速率与喷施浓度均呈负相关关系,但1000 g/hm^(2)喷施剂量下毒死蜱的残留率最低;相同喷施浓度下,毒死蜱在混合调酸方式(1 m3土壤加入0.5 kg松针与0.5 kg硫磺)土壤中径流和淋溶流失的总体风险最小;相关性分析结果表明,高含量有机质的酸性土壤有利于减少毒死蜱的流失。[结论]采用混合调酸方式土壤和1000 g/hm^(2)的毒死蜱喷施浓度,能有效降低毒死蜱的流失风险与残留率,并促进抚仙湖流域蓝莓产业的绿色发展。[Aims] The study aims to investigate the characteristics of chlorpyrifos runoff under different soil acid adjustment measures and application concentrations. [Methods] Field trials were conducted in the blueberry cultivation area on the northern shore of Fuxian Lake. The application concentrations of chlorpyrifos were 650, 1000,and 1350 g/ha, and the runoff and leaching patterns of chlorpyrifos under various soil acidification treatments were analyzed. [Results] The dynamic degradation of chlorpyrifos in both runoff and leaching followed first-order kinetic equations. For the same soil acid adjustment measure, the degradation rate of chlorpyrifos in both runoff and leaching was negatively correlated with the application concentration, with the lowest residual rate observed at the 1000 g/ha concentration. Under the same application concentration, the overall risk of chlorpyrifos loss in runoff and leaching was lowest in soils treated with mixed acidification(adding 0.5 kg of pine needles and 0.5 kg of sulfur to 1 m3soil).Correlation analysis showed that acidic soils with high organic matter content are more effective in reducing chlorpyrifos loss. [Conclusions] Using mixed acid adjustment measures and applying chlorpyrifos at a concentration of 1000 g/ha can effectively reduce the risk of chlorpyrifos runoff and residual levels, promoting sustainable development of the blueberry industry in Fuxian Lake basin.

关 键 词：毒死蜱 蓝莓种植区 土壤调酸 施药剂量 流失特征 

分 类 号：TQ450.2[化学工程—农药化工]