唯物史观与马克思主义文明观  

Historical Materialism and the Marxist View of Civilization

作　　者：王伟光[1,2] Wang Weiguang

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学 [2]南开大学21世纪马克思主义研究院

出　　处：《哲学研究》2025年第1期18-32,170,171,共17页Philosophical Research

摘　　要：文明是标志、体现、概括人类社会进步的性质、状况和程度的唯物史观的重要范畴。马克思主义经典作家站在唯物史观的立场上,以唯物史观的观点和方法,彻底批判了把社会文明视为纯粹精神运动结果的历史唯心主义文明观,系统阐发了马克思主义文明观,即马克思主义关于社会文明的总的看法和基本原理。马克思主义经典作家运用唯物史观对资本主义社会文明进行了最彻底的、又最符合历史辩证法的阐述、批判和揭露,强调了“资本的伟大的文明作用”,指明了资本主义社会文明的剥削本质,指出了资本主义社会文明的发展结果必然是爆发无产阶级社会主义革命,经过无产阶级专政的社会主义社会文明的过渡,共产主义社会文明必将取代资本主义社会文明,从而揭示了未来社会文明的历史发展趋势。Civilization is an essential concept in historical materialism, encapsulating the nature, condition, and degree of the progress of human society. Marxist theorists, from the standpoint of historical materialism, sharply criticized the historical idealist view of civilization, which regarded social civilization solely as a product of spiritual processes.They presented a systematic Marxist theory of civilization and articulated its fundamental principles. By applying historical materialism, these thinkers provided an in-depth critique of capitalist civilization with a highlight on the “great civilizing role of capital. ”They demonstrated that the exploitative nature of capitalist civilization will inevitably lead to a proletarian socialist revolution. After a transitional phase under proletarian dictatorship, communist civilization will replace its capitalist counterpart, unveiling the trajectory of the historical development of future societies.

关 键 词：唯物史观 马克思主义文明观 资本主义社会文明 

分 类 号：A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]