中国古代早期林木种植、采伐及贩运述论  

A Summary of Afforestation, Forest Logging and Wood Trade in Early China

作　　者：罗启龙 彭杨 Luo Qilong;Peng Yang(School of History and Ethnoculture,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学历史与民族文化学院,贵阳550025

出　　处：《世界林业研究》2024年第6期79-84,共6页World Forestry Research

基　　金：2021年度国家社会科学基金青年项目“秦汉生态环境变迁与民俗信仰关系研究”(21CZS016)。

摘　　要：史料显示,中国殷商时期已出现了人工造林。西周至汉代,人工造林技术有了极大的发展。在植物分类上,周代文献《诗经》已见有接近60种植物,且出现了世界范围内植物学中最早的“灌木”与“乔木”之分;秦汉时期,又出现了进一步的细分。在林木种植方面,人们总结了不同种类林木与土地环境之间的关系,并在此基础上衍生出林木的扦插、移栽以及防护等技术,且影响至今。中国古代早期伐木工具主要有斧、钺、斤等,加工工具以锯、削等为主;影响木材砍伐的因素除时令、律法外,更与人所信奉的《日书》息息相关。在木材运输方面,周代已开始利用河运;至汉代,随着木材贸易遍行全域,则往往采用人力、车畜、船及河水漂流多种方式结合。Artificial afforestation is recorded to take place as early as in the Yin and Shang dynasties.From the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Han Dynasty,the technologies for artificial afforestation had achieved great development and progress.In terms of plant classification,the Zhou Dynasty literature“Book of Songs”recorded nearly 60 species,and contributes to the botany with the earliest distinction between“shrubs”and“arbors”in the world.During the Qin and Han dynasties,subdivision of plants had emerged.In terms of tree planting,people have summarized the relationship between different species of trees and the land environment,based on which the techniques such as cutting,transplanting,and protection of trees have developed and imposed lasting influences even to this day.In early China,the main tools used for trees logging were axe,battle-ax,and catty,and the processing methods were mainly sawing and chipping.The factors that affected logging were not only seasons and legal requirement,but also the belief in the Book of Rites.In terms of wood transportation,the Zhou Dynasty began to utilize river to transport,and in the Han Dynasty,as wood trade expanded to the entire region,wood was often transported through a combination of manpower,vehicles,livestock,shipping,and drifting in river.

关 键 词：人工造林 树木砍伐 木材运输 木材贸易 古代早期 中国 

分 类 号：F326.29[经济管理—产业经济]