Underground laboratories·Deep underground observation·Scientific questions——Insights from observations of multi-physic fields in deep underground labs  

作　　者：Huiqi REN Yun WANG Chang CHEN Guangyu FU Longqing QIU Lianghui GUO Chengliang XIE Yongsheng HE Heping SUN Jiwen TENG 

机构地区：[1]Institute of Defense Engineering,Academy of Military Sciences,Beijing 100850,China [2]State Kay Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,Key Laboratory of Intraplate Volcanoes and Earthquakes,Ministry of Education,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China [3]Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200050,China [4]Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430077,China [5]Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China

出　　处：《Science China Earth Sciences》2025年第2期343-362,共20页中国科学(地球科学英文版)

基　　金：supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project (Grant No. 2024ZD1002700);the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 62127815, 42150201, U1839208)。

摘　　要：This paper presents a comprehensive review on recent development and research conducted in domestic and international underground laboratories. We first introduce the differences in three environments—surface, mountain tunnel cavities and underground coal mine tunnels—by examining cosmic ray background, ambient noises related to gravity and seismic measurement, and electromagnetic noises in magnetic and magnetotelluric measurements. We highlight potential misuse of the term Underground Lab or Deep Underground Lab when describing observations in different physical fields. We introduce unique features of underground coal mine tunnels in China, such as large spaces, ultra-quiet conditions, and ultra-clean environments. When comparing with mountain tunnel cavities and borehole observations, coal mine tunnel observations have superior long-term stability and high precision. Through observations and comparisons of multi-physic fields at surface and the deep underground, we find that the higher SNR seismic observations conducted in deep underground tunnels in coal mines are beneficial to improve velocity tomography of the solid earth. The gravity observation with a Superconducting Quantum Interference Device(SQUID) makes it possibly to capture slow earthquake, which has not been observed previously in the Chinese mainland. SQUID magnetic observations can detect fluctuations as weak as femto-Tesla(fT), enabling us to explore the attenuation of Schumann Resonance down to the solid Earth. This opens opportunities to investigate the connections between the Earth's magnetic field and the interactions within the human brain and heart. To improve the precision of quantum measurement,we should consider the possible effects of weak magnetic disturbances in deep underground environments. Finally, we discuss the importance of deep underground laboratories, observing facilities and techniques deployed in these laboratories, and their possible connection with respect to “deep space” and “deep ocean” exploration, emphasiz

关 键 词：Deep underground Multi-physic fields Super-high precision Slow earthquake Schumann Resonance Quantum measurement 

分 类 号：TU91[建筑科学—建筑理论]