The shifts of precipitation phases and their impacts  

作　　者：Xuemei LI Tao CHE Yuanlong TANG Huan’e DUAN Guigang WANG Xu ZHANG Chuanming YANG Jun WU Yue ZHANG Lanhai LI 

机构地区：[1]Faculty of Geomatics,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,China [2]National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Technologies and Applications for National Geographic State Monitoring,Lanzhou 730070,China [3]Key Laboratory of Science and Technology in Surveying&Mapping Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730070,China [4]Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering,Heihe Remote Sensing Experimental Research Station,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China [5]Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Utilization in Arid Zone,Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese academy of Sciences,Urumqi 830011,China [6]Tianshan Snow Cover and Avalanche Observation and Research Station of Xinjiang,Xinyuan 835800,China

出　　处：《Science China Earth Sciences》2025年第2期425-443,共19页中国科学(地球科学英文版)

基　　金：supported by the Sub-theme of the Second Comprehensive Scientific Investigation of the Tibetan Plateau (Grant No. 2019QZKK020109-1);the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 42261026 & 42161025);the Open Foundation of Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Utilization in Arid Zone (Grant No. XJYS0907-2023-01)。

摘　　要：Precipitation comes in various phases, including rainfall, snowfall, sleet, and hail. Shifts of precipitation phases, as well as changes in precipitation amount, intensity, and frequency, have significant impacts on regional climate, hydrology,ecology, and the energy balance of the land-atmosphere system. Over the past century, certain progress has been achieved in aspects such as the observation, discrimination, transformation, and impact of precipitation phases. Mainly including: since the1980s, studies on the observation, formation mechanism, and prediction of precipitation phases have gradually received greater attention and reached a certain scale. The estimation of different precipitation phases using new detection theories and methods has become a research focus. Avariety of discrimination methods or schemes, such as the potential thickness threshold method of the air layer, the temperature threshold method of the characteristic layer, and the near-surface air temperature threshold method,have emerged one after another. Meanwhile, comparative studies on the discrimination accuracy and applicability assessment of multiple methods or schemes have also been carried out simultaneously. In recent years, the shift of precipitation from solid to liquid(SPSL) in the mid-to-high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere has become more pronounced due to global warming and human activities. It leads to an increase in rain-on-snow(ROS) events and avalanche disasters, affecting the speed, intensity, and duration of spring snow-melting, accelerating sea ice and glacier melting, releasing carbon from permafrost, altering soil moisture, productivity, and phenological characteristics of ecosystems, and thereby affecting their structures, processes, qualities, and service functions. Although some progress has been made in the study of precipitation phases, there remains considerable research potential in terms of completeness of basic data, reliability of discrimination schemes, and the mechanistic understanding of the interact

关 键 词：Precipitation phases Shift of precipitation from solid to liquid(SPSL) Climate change Water cycle processes Snowandicepr sses Snow and ice-related disasters Carbon emission from permafrost ECOSYSTEMS 

分 类 号：P426.6[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]