老年人询医能力和养老心态在社会经济地位与心理健康中的链式中介作用研究  

Research on the chain mediating effect of medical inquiry ability and attitude toward aging on socioeconomic status and mental health of the elderly

作　　者：陶睿嘉 亢玉婷 李敏莹 张鹏俊[2] 王辰[3] Tao Ruijia;Kang Yuting;Li Minying;Zhang Pengjun;Wang Chen(School of Management,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Beijing 100029,China;Department of Scientific Research,Beijing Hospital,National Center of Gerontology,Institute of Geriatric Medicine,Chinese Academy of Medical Science,Beijing 100730,China;Chinese Academy of Medical Science&Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100730,China)

机构地区：[1]北京中医药大学管理学院,北京100029 [2]北京医院科研处、国家老年医学中心、中国医学科学院老年医学研究院,北京100730 [3]中国医学科学院北京协和医学院,北京100730

出　　处：《中华老年医学杂志》2025年第2期194-200,共7页Chinese Journal of Geriatrics

摘　　要：目的探讨询医能力和养老心态在社会经济地位与老年人心理健康之间的链式中介作用。方法基于2021年"中国综合社会调查"的数据,选取957例60岁及以上的老年人作为研究对象,通过回归分析各变量之间的影响,根据Bootstrap方法进行中介效应检验。结果研究样本年龄区间为60~95岁,其中女性479人,男性478人。研究显示,社会经济地位对老年人心理健康具有显著的正向作用(β=0.208,P<0.001);社会经济地位显著正向影响老年人询医能力(β=0.244,P<0.001),显著正向影响老年人养老心态(β=0.163,P<0.001);询医能力显著正向影响养老心态(β=0.158,P<0.001),显著正向影响心理健康(β=0.139,P<0.001);养老心态显著正向影响心理健康(β=0.216,P<0.001)。询医能力和养老心态在社会经济地位与老年人心理健康之间的中介效应显著,总间接效应值为0.091(95%CI:0.063~0.123);询医能力和养老心态的链式中介效应显著,效应值为0.010(95%CI:0.005~0.017)。结论提高老年人的社会经济地位可以培养其询医能力、改善其养老心态,进而有助于促进老年人的心理健康。Objective To investigate the mediating effects of medical inquiry ability and attitudes toward aging on the relationship between socioeconomic status and mental health among the elderly.Methods Utilizing data from the 2021 China General Social Survey(CGSS),a sample of 957 individuals aged 60 years and older was selected for analysis.The influence of each variable was assessed through regression analysis,and the mediating effects were evaluated using the Bootstrap method.Results The study samples ranged in age from 60 to 95 years,including 479 females and 478 males.Socioeconomic status significantly positively influenced mental health(β=0.208,P<0.001).Additionally,socioeconomic status had a notable positive effect on medical inquiry ability(β=0.244,P<0.001)and attitudes toward aging(β=0.163,P<0.001)among the elderly population.Furthermore,medical inquiry ability positively affected both attitudes toward aging(β=0.158,P<0.001)and mental health(β=0.139,P<0.001).The attitude toward aging also had a significant positive impact on mental health(β=0.216,P<0.001).Notably,both medical inquiry ability and attitudes toward aging served as significant mediators between socioeconomic status and mental health in the elderly,with a total indirect effect value of 0.091(95%CI:0.063-0.123).The chain mediating effect of medical inquiry ability and pension mentality was also significant,with an effect size of 0.010(95%CI:0.005-0.017).Conclusions Enhancing the socioeconomic status of older adults can foster their medical inquiry ability,positively influence their attitudes toward aging,and ultimately contribute to the promotion of their mental health.

关 键 词：社会经济因素 健康状况 询医能力 养老心态 链式中介效应 

分 类 号：R161.7[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]