《刻舟求剑》中的运动学及动力学分析  

作　　者：程长征[1] 李孝宝 李腾岳 杨永育 

机构地区：[1]合肥工业大学土木与水利工程学院,安徽合肥230009 [2]安徽工程大学建筑工程学院,安徽芜湖241000

出　　处：《科技风》2025年第6期135-137,共3页

基　　金：安徽省省级教学研究项目(2022jyxm1241);安徽省一流线上课程(2021xskc079、2022xssfkc004、2022qyw/sysfkc004)。

摘　　要：点的合成运动是“理论力学”中一个重要知识点,它主要是分析点的相对运动、牵连运动和绝对运动以及三者之间的关系,而牵连运动的确定,特别是牵连点的选取是该部分内容的难点。文章以寓言《刻舟求剑》中的运动分析为例,阐述牵连点的选择方法以及三种运动的关系。刻舟求剑是我国古代点的合成运动思想的萌芽,其中“刻”的动作,就是确定牵连点的过程。首先,文章分析了刻舟求剑没有捞到宝剑的运动学原因,发现是楚国人只考虑了牵连运动,而忽略了相对运动。其次,结合点的运动学、质点的动力学两个方面理论,推导出宝剑的绝对运动轨迹和相对运动轨迹,计算了小船靠岸后和宝剑的相对水平位移,据此可以打捞到宝剑。The composite motion of points is an important knowledge point in the theoretical mechanics course,which mainly analyzes the relative motion,transport motion,and absolute motion of points,as well as their relationships.The determination of transport motion,especially the selection of transport point,is the difficulty of this section.The movement analysis in the fable"carve the boat and seek the sword"is investigated to explain the selection method of the transform point and the determination of the relationship between these three movements.From the point of the motion composition for moving point,the action of carving in the fable named"carve the boat and seek the sword"is to find a kinematics of transport point.The sign carved on the boat is the kinematics of transport point on the moving system,which is set on the small boat.It is found out that the reason why the people cannot find the sword is that he ignored the relative movement in the motion composition for moving point.By combining the knowledge of the kinematics and dynamics of the particle,the absolute and relative path of the sword are deduced.Basing on the evaluated relative horizontal displacement of the boat and sword,the sword can be salvaged when the boat arrives at the beach.

关 键 词：点的合成运动 牵连点的运动 质点动力学 绝对运动 相对运动 

分 类 号：O31[理学—一般力学与力学基础]