学术生涯视角下卓越科学家的跨学科模式研究——以普赖斯奖获得者为例  

Interdisciplinary Patterns of Outstanding Scientists From the Perspective of Academic Career——Evidence from Winners of Derek de Solla Price Memorial Medal

作　　者：曹喆 施顺顺 张琳 黄颖[1,2] Cao Zhe;Shi Shunshun;Zhang Lin;Huang Ying(School of Information Management,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China;Center for Science,Technology&Education Assessment(CSTEA),Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学信息管理学院,湖北武汉430072 [2]武汉大学科教管理与评价中心,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《现代情报》2025年第3期110-120,共11页Journal of Modern Information

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“从测度到理解:跨学科研究的成果分类、合作模式与影响扩散研究”(项目编号:72374160);教育部重点基地重点研究项目“新兴交叉学科研究的识别、监测和评价研究”(项目编号:WHXZ2022-02)。

摘　　要：[目的/意义]从学术生涯视角出发探究卓越科学家的跨学科模式,为个体跨学科模式选择和学科交叉融合发展提供科学依据。[方法/过程]以科学计量领域最高奖项普赖斯奖的获得者为例,从论文发表和知识来源两个维度刻画其跨学科模式,并划分起步期、成长期、深化期和成熟期4个学术生涯阶段,剖析其跨学科模式的演变规律。[结果/结论]研究发现了“两栖科学家”“土著科学家”“移民科学家”“旅居科学家”4类获奖者,他们在不同学术生涯阶段具有差异化的跨学科表现,并在科学计量学发展的不同时期做出重要学术贡献。[Purpose/Significance]This study investigates the interdisciplinary patterns of outstanding scientists from the perspective of academic careers,aims to provide certain insights for individual interdisciplinary pattern selection and the development of disciplinary integration.[Method/Process]Taking the winners of Derek de Solla Price Memorial Medal,the highest award in the field of scientometrics as examples,this study examined their interdisciplinary patterns from two dimensions-publication of papers and sources of knowledge.It delineated their academic careers into four stages-incipient,growth,deepening and maturation-to analyze the evolutionary features of their interdisciplinary patterns.[Result/Conclusion]This study identifies four types of scientists with distinct interdisciplinary patterns-amphibious scientists,indigenous scientists,immigrant scientists and resident scientists.Scientists from these categories exhibit differentiated interdisciplinary performance across various stages of their academic careers.They have made outstanding contributions to the development of scientometrics at different periods.

关 键 词：卓越科学家 跨学科模式 学术生涯 普赖斯奖获得者 科学计量学 

分 类 号：G316[文化科学]