陕西泾阳大堡子汉墓出土植物遗存分析  

ANALYSIS OF PLANT REMAINS RECOVERED FROM THE DABUZI CEMETERY IN JINGYANG COUNTY,SHAANXI PROVINCE

作　　者：曹家凤 朱瑛培 田多[1,2] 邵晶 李静波 马志坤 CAO Jiafeng;ZHU Yingpei;TIAN Duo;SHAO Jing;LI Jingbo;MA Zhikun(China-Central Asia“the Belt and Road”Joint Laboratory on Human and Environment Research,School of Culture Heritage,Northwest University,Xi’an 710127,China;Key Laboratory of Cultural Heritage Research and Conservation,School of Culture Heritage,Northwest University,Xi’an 710127,China;Shaanxi Academy of Archaeology,Xi’an 710200,China;Stanford University,California 94305,USA)

机构地区：[1]西北大学文化遗产学院,中国-中亚人类与环境“一带一路”联合实验室,西安710127 [2]西北大学文化遗产学院,文化遗产研究与保护技术教育部重点实验室,西安710127 [3]陕西省考古研究院,西安710200 [4]斯坦福大学,加利福尼亚94305,美国

出　　处：《微体古生物学报(中英文)》2024年第4期384-397,共14页Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“文化科技与现代服务业”重点专项“中国北方旱作农业起源、形成与发展研究(一期)”(编号:2022YFF0903500);教育部哲学社会科学研究重大专项项目“黄土高原与中华文明形成机制研究”(批准号:2022JZDZ026);全国考古人才振兴计划(编号:2024-267)资助。

摘　　要：陕西泾阳大堡子墓地是西汉时期长陵邑周边的墓葬群,出土遗物丰富,对于研究西汉帝陵周边墓葬制度具有重要意义。目前考古资料表明关中地区在汉代是以粟作农业为主,但对谷物与伴随出土的器物之间的关系以及有关粮食种植的发展缺少针对性探讨。本研究对2021年发掘出土的陶仓、陶缸、陶灶、陶壶等陶具中的各类残留物,包括种子、植硅体及淀粉粒进行了分析,发现粟(Setariaitalica)的出现概率是最高的,其次为黍(Panicum miliaceum)、大麻(Cannabis sativa)、水稻(Oryza sativa)和小麦(Triticum aestivum),表明西汉时期研究区的农业生产应是以粟作农业为主的多作物利用体系。结合关中地区其他遗址的植物遗存研究,认为在作物种植条件、先民饮食传统、官方政治倡导等多因素影响下,汉代关中地区以粟为主的农业生产具有长时间的稳定性,而豆、麦种植呈现出波动发展。本研究为了解关中地区汉代谷物随葬传统和粮食种植发展等研究提供了新的资料。The Dabuzi Cemetery in Jingyang County of Shaanxi Province,is a burial complex adjacent to the town of Changling Mausoleum of the Western Han Dynasty.It has a rich array of artifacts that hold significant implications for studying the funeral system surrounding royal mausoleums of the Western Han Dynasty.Existing archaeological evidence predominantly indicates that during the Han Dynasty,the Guanzhong region primarily engaged in millet agriculture.However,there is a lack of targeted exploration on the relationship between grains and co-excavated artifacts,as well as the development of crop cultivation.This study analyzes various residues found in pottery granaries,jars,stoves,and pots unearthed from burials in 2021,including seeds,phytolith and starch grains.The research reveals that foxtail millet(Setaria italica)has the highest occurrence frequency,followed by broomcorn millet(Panicum miliaceum),cannabis(Cannabis sativa),rice(Oryza sativa),and wheat(Triticum aestivum),suggesting that the agricultural production system of the inhabitants at Dabuzi during the Western Han Dynasty was a multi-crop utilization predominantly featured by the millet agriculture.Combined with studies of plant remains at other sites in the Guanzhong region,this research suggests that under an interactive influence of multiple factors such as crop planting conditions,dietary traditions of inhabitants,and official political promotion,the millet agricultural production in the Guanzhong region of the Han Dynasty was stable in the long term,while the soybean and wheat cultivation showed a dynamic development.This study provides the new data for understanding the burial traditions regarding grains and the development history of grain cultivation during the Han Dynasty in the Guanzhong region.

关 键 词：大堡子汉墓 陶仓 种子 植硅体 淀粉粒 关中地区 

分 类 号：K878.8[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K234[历史地理—历史学] Q914[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]