防波堤局部冲刷问题研究综述  

Research review on local scour problems of breakwaters

作　　者：孙波[1,2] 俞舒展 唐磊[2] 张磊 SUN Bo;YU Shu-zhan;TANG Lei;ZHANG Lei(The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention,Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210029,China;River and Harbor Engineering Department,Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210029,China;Poly International Holding Co.Ltd.,Beijing 100010,China)

机构地区：[1]南京水利科学研究院水灾害防御全国重点实验室,江苏南京210029 [2]南京水利科学研究院河流海岸研究所,江苏南京210029 [3]保利国际控股有限公司,北京100010

出　　处：《中国港湾建设》2025年第2期1-9,26,共10页China Harbour Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金(52101310);南京水利科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(Y222005,Y223007);南京水利科学研究院学位论文基金(Yy224013)。

摘　　要：防波堤在抵御波浪、保护岸线和维持港内水域稳定方面具有至关重要作用。在水流和波浪等动力因素作用下,防波堤堤身和堤头附近的泥沙易发生起动或悬浮,进而在防波堤周围形成冲刷坑。冲刷坑的存在可能引发护面块体脱落、堤身整体倾覆等问题,严重威胁防波堤的完整性和结构稳定性,最终导致其功能丧失。对直立堤与斜坡堤的局部冲刷机理、影响因素、冲刷坑发展过程及冲刷形态、冲刷深度预测方法和冲刷防护措施进行了综述,归纳当前防波堤局部冲刷研究存在的问题,并展望未来的研究方向。Breakwaters play a critical role in resisting wave forces,protecting shorelines,and maintaining the stability ofharbour waters.Under the action of dynamic factors such as currents and waves,the sediment around the trunk and head of thebreakwater is prone to mobilization or suspension,leading to the formation of scour holes around the breakwater.The existenceof scour holes may cause problems such as dislodgment of protective stones or blocks and the potential overturning of thebreakwater trunk.Such damage compromises the structure integrity and stability of the breakwater,potentially resulting in itsloss of function.The mechanisms of local scour,the influencing factors,development process and morphology of scour pits,prediction method of scour depth,and scour countermeasures of vertical and sloping breakwaters are reviewed.The problemsexisting in the study of local scour of breakwater are summarized,and future research directions are prospected.

关 键 词：防波堤 局部冲刷 冲刷坑 冲刷深度预测方法 局部冲刷防护措施 

分 类 号：U656.2[交通运输工程—港口、海岸及近海工程] TV148[交通运输工程—船舶与海洋工程]