某柴油机启动马达触点粘连故障原因分析及排查  

Analysis and Troubleshooting of Electric Shock Adhesion Fault in a Diesel Engine Starter Motor

作　　者：戴乐 张金花 DAI Le;ZHANG Jinhua(Naval Equipment Department,Luoyang 471039,China;Henan Diesel Engine Industry Co.,Ltd.,Luoyang 471039,China)

机构地区：[1]海军装备部,河南洛阳471039 [2]河南柴油机重工有限责任公司,河南洛阳471039

出　　处：《内燃机》2025年第1期51-58,共8页Internal Combustion Engines

摘　　要：针对某船用柴油机启动马达触点粘连故障,对起动阻力矩、啮合间隙、起动电缆配置、马达实物质量以及控制电缆配置等进行了逐项排查与分析,以确定故障原因。发现启动马达电磁开关主触点粘连的故障原因在于控制电缆的容量不足。由于控制线路压降较大,导致电磁开关的吸合力不足,进而引发触点抖动和接触不良,最终造成了触点的粘连。此外,由于两个启动马达的50端并联连接,存在窜电的风险,当其中一台马达发生触点粘连故障时,会对已经退出工作的马达产生二次供电,导致该马达的齿轮再次伸出,与高速旋转的飞轮齿圈发生摩擦,从而造成铣齿现象。针对上述故障原因,制定了双继电器独立控制的整改方案,并对该整改方案进行了试验验证。结果表明,该方案有效地解决了故障重复发生的问题。In response to the contact adhesion failure of the diesel engine starter motor in a marine main engine project,we conducted a thorough investigation and analysis of various factors,including starting resistance torque,meshing clearance,starting cable configuration,physical quality of the motor,and control cable configuration,to determine the cause of the failure.After a thorough investigation,it was found that the cause of the fault of the main contact of the electromagnetic switch of the starting motor being stuck was due to insufficient capacity of the control cable.Due to the large voltage drop in the control circuit,the electromagnetic switch has insufficient suction force,which in turn causes contact vibration and poor contact,ultimately resulting in contact adhesion.In addition,due to the parallel connection of the 50 terminals of the two starting motors,there is a risk of electrical leakage.When one of the motors has a contact adhesion fault,it will generate secondary power supply to the motor that has already stopped working,causing the gear of that motor to extend again and rub against the high-speed rotating flywheel ring gear,resulting in tooth milling.In response to the abovementioned causes of failure,a rectification plan for independent control of dual relays was developed and tested.The results show that the scheme effectively solves the problem of repeated failures.

关 键 词：启动马达 触点粘连 铣齿 单线接法 

分 类 号：TK427[动力工程及工程热物理—动力机械及工程]