检察公益诉讼立法的边界廓清与体系构造  

The Boundaries Clarifying and Systematic Construction of Procuratorial Public Interest Legislation Litigation

作　　者：董正爱[1] 张黎晨 DONG Zhengai;ZHANG Lichen

机构地区：[1]重庆大学法学院,重庆400045

出　　处：《南京工业大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期55-68,125,126,共16页Journal of Nanjing Tech University:Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“数智时代环境健康风险预警制度研究”(23XFX012);2024年度中央高校基本科研业务费项目“生命共同体理念下自然资源一体化治理研究”(2024CDJSKPT06);重庆市研究生科研创新项目“检察公益诉讼立法的边界廓清与体系化建构”(CYB240052)。

摘　　要：检察公益诉讼是检察机关作为公共利益的代表,对在履行职责中发现的损害国家利益或者社会公共利益的行为提起公益诉讼的法律制度。当前,检察公益诉讼存在受案范围无序扩张、公共利益范围偏离和检察机关定位模糊等问题。廓清检察公益诉讼立法边界是解决检察公益诉讼现实困境、实现理性建构诉讼制度目标的关键进路,检察公益诉讼立法应当以公共利益概念与法律监督功能为边界。一方面,应当对公共利益内涵进行分解重构,以纯粹性公益、集合性公益和复合性公益分别确定检察机关的制度定位与起诉顺位;另一方面,应当依循谦抑自觉范式规范检察机关法律监督职权行使条件、程序要求和运作形式,从具体类型利益救济迈向公益保护秩序塑造。同时,应以实体性规则和程序性规则的体系化形塑规范形态的制度边界,对不同利益类型采取差异化的立法模式并明确程序性构造,以回应检察公益诉讼立法的实际需求。Prosecutorial public interest legislation litigation is a legal mechanism whereby prosecutorial organs,as representatives of the public interest,initiate public interest litigation against actions that harm national or societal public interests identified during their duties.Currently,prosecutorial public interest legislation litigation faces challenges such as the scope disorderly expansion,deviation of public interest definition,and functional ambiguity of prosecutorial organs.Clarifying the legislative boundaries of prosecutorial public interest litigation is a critical pathway to addressing practical challenges and achieving a rational construction of the system.The legislation on prosecutorial public interest litigation should be bounded by the concept of public interest and the legal supervision.On the one hand,the concept of public interest should be deconstructed and reconstructed,categorizing it into pure,collective,and composite public interest to respectively define the institutional positioning and prosecutorial priorities of the procuratorial organs.On the other hand,the procuratorial organs′supervisory powers should be regulated in accordance with the paradigm of restraint and consciously,specifying the conditions,procedural requirements,and operational forms,seeking to transition from addressing specific interest to shaping public interest protection order.Furthermore,a systematic framework of substantive and procedural rules should be employed to delineate the institutional boundaries,adopt differentiated legislative approaches for various types of public interests,and define procedural structures to meet the practical needs of prosecutorial public interest litigation legislation.

关 键 词：检察公益诉讼 检察公益诉讼立法 公益类型 程序构造 

分 类 号：D922.68[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学] D925[政治法律—法学]