《民法典》时代相邻污染侵害救济模式的体系化解释  

Systematic Interpretation of the Remedial Model for Adjacent Pollution Infringement in the Civil Code

作　　者：刘尉 LIU Wei

机构地区：[1]西南财经大学法学院,四川成都611130

出　　处：《南京工业大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期82-96,126,共16页Journal of Nanjing Tech University:Social Science Edition

基　　金：四川省哲学社会科学规划项目“法治四川”专项课题“长江上游司法保护生态屏障的实证分析”(24FZ094)。

摘　　要：自《中华人民共和国民法通则》实施以来,物权法中的物权请求权在适用情形、法律效果方面,都未与侵权请求权区分开来,再加上我国民事立法长期笼统规定“民事责任”,相邻污染侵害案件到底适用物权法规则体还是适用侵权法规则体存在争议,该争议的核心是物权请求权的独立性问题。从理论上来说,物权请求权可独立于侵权请求权,其独立性对相邻污染侵害案件具有降低解释成本、统一法律适用等法律价值;从实然规范来看,《中华人民共和国民法典》对民事权利保护方式的调整为物权请求权的独立性提供了解释基础。据此,相邻污染侵害人依物权法规则体与侵权法规则体成立法律责任的聚合,邻人行使物权请求权或侵权请求权应分别以妨害和损害为限,至于行为人有无过错,应是侵权法对生产性污染及生活性污染归责原则的区分,但不影响相邻污染侵害物权法规则的适用。Since the General Principles of the Civil Law of the People′s Republic of China,the right of real claim has not been distinguished from the right of tort claim in terms of application situation and legal effect.In addition,China′s civil legislation has long provided for"civil liability"in a general manner,so there is controversy over whether adjacent pollution infringement cases should be governed by the rules of the property rights law or the rules of the tort law.The core of this dispute is the independence of the real right claims.In theory,the real right claims can be independent of the right to claim infringement,and its independence has legal value in reducing interpretation costs and unifying legal application.In terms of norms,the adjustment of civil rights protection methods in the Civil Code of the People′s Republic of China provides an explanatory basis for the independence of the real right claims.Based on this,the liabilities′combination for adjacent pollution infringers is established in accordance with the rules of property law and tort law.The exercise of property rights or tort claims by neighbors should be limited to obstruction and damage respectively.Whether the actor has fault or not is the distinction between the principle of liability attribution for productive pollution and living pollution in tort law,but it does not affect the application of the property rules in adjacent pollution infringement.

关 键 词：《民法典》相邻污染侵害 物权请求权 侵权请求权 环境侵权 污染归责 

分 类 号：D922.68[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]