V-3θ图在茂名地区冰雹天气预报中的应用  

Application of V-3θ Graphs in Hail Weather Forecasting for the Area of Maoming

作　　者：吴永志 邓晓瑶 陈天成 凌康敏 邹福通 WU Yongzhi;DENG Xiaoyao;CHEN Tiancheng;LING Kangmin;ZOU Futong(Dianbai District Maoming Meteorological Service,Maoming 525400;Gaozhou Meteorological Service,Gaozhou 525200;Maoming Meteorological Service,Maoming 525000)

机构地区：[1]茂名市电白区气象局,广东茂名525400 [2]高州市气象局,广东高州525200 [3]茂名市气象局,广东茂名525000

出　　处：《广东气象》2025年第1期35-38,共4页Guangdong Meteorology

基　　金：茂名市气象局科研项目“位温等探空资料产品在强对流中的应用研究”(202213)。

摘　　要：基于溃变原理,运用V-3θ(溃变)图结构方法,分析了茂名一次冰雹天气过程,结果表明:通过V-3θ图可以提前预报出冰雹天气的条件有(1)对流层顶层存在较厚的超低温层,厚度达50~100 hPa;(2)大气非均匀结构特征明显,3条位温θ曲线多层折拐,850~500 hPa的假相当位温θ_(sed)和θ~*曲线与T轴成钝角;(3)θ_(sed)和θ~*围成的面积有明显的“大肚子”和“蜂腰”的图像特征,对流层大气中的水汽呈上干下湿的分布;(4)整层大气呈顺滚流结构。V-3θ图对冰雹天气预报有明显的指示意义,可提高冰雹天气预报的准确性。Based on the principle of collapse and with the use of V-3θ graphs and structural approach,a hail weather process in Maoming was analyzed.The results are shown as follows.Through the V-3θ graphs the hail weather can be forecast if the following conditions are met:(1)There is a thick,super cooled layer(as deep as 50 to 100 hPa)at the tropopause;(2)the atmospheric structure is much inhomogeneous such that threeθcurves of potential temperature have turns and bends on multiple layers and the θ_(sed)and θ^(*)curves of potential pseudo-equivalent temperature between 850 and 500 hPa are at an obtuse angle with the T axis;(3)the area enclosed by θ_(sed)and θ^(*)are graphically characterized by a“big belly”and a“bee-like waist”clearly and the tropospheric atmosphere is drier at the upper portion than in the lower,and(4)the whole atmospheric column presents a“down-roll flow”structure.Due to their distinctive indication of hail weather,the V-3θ graphs can increase the forecasting accuracy.

关 键 词：天气学 V-3Θ图 冰雹 位温θ 假相当位温θ_(sed) 茂名地区 

分 类 号：P44[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]