铜基集流体的改性及其提升金属锂负极电化学性能的研究进展  

Research Progress on Modification of Copper Current Collector and Improvement of Electrochemical Performance of Lithium Metal Anode

作　　者：李曦炜 古兴兴 LI Xiwei;GU Xingxing(Ultra High Voltage Branch of State Grid Chongqing Electric Power Company,Chongqing 400022,China;School of Environment and Resources,Chongqing Technology and Business University,Chongqing 400067,China)

机构地区：[1]国网重庆市电力公司超高压分公司,重庆400022 [2]重庆工商大学环境与资源学院,重庆400067

出　　处：《铜业工程》2025年第1期35-46,共12页Copper Engineering

基　　金：重庆市自然科学基金项目(CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0828)资助。

摘　　要：锂电池以金属锂作为负极,具有非常高的比能量密度,但由于容量衰减快和安全性低等问题,阻碍了其进一步发展与应用。通常情况下,锂电池失效的原因可归于两点:一是在充放电过程中,“无宿主”的金属锂会在沉积/剥离过程中生长枝晶,不仅使电极表面电流分布不均匀,还容易刺穿隔膜导致电池短路;二是锂金属的体积膨胀会导致电极材料产生裂纹,最终影响电池性能和寿命。因此,如何对金属锂沉积/脱出的常用基底(即铜基集流体)进行界面修饰以及结构优化,从而有效调控锂沉积行为并抑制枝晶生长和缓解体积膨胀,对提升金属锂电池的电化学性能至关重要。本文对应用于锂金属电池的功能化铜基集流体进行了介绍,并从铜基集流体的表面成分调控和微结构设计两个方面进行探讨,最后总结出多种稳定金属锂负极的修饰策略,为金属锂负极在高能量密度电池体系中的实际应用提供了一定的参考。Lithium metal lithium batteries usually exhibit very high specific energy density with lithium metal as the negative electrode.However,due to the problems of rapid capacity decay and low safety,it is difficult to further develop.The causes of battery failure can be attributed to two points;firstly,during the charging and discharging process,the"hostless"lithium metal will grow dendrites during the deposition/stripping process,which not only makes the current distribution on the electrode surface uneven,but also easily penetrates the separator and causes the battery to short circuit.The second is the infinite volume expansion of lithium metal,which will lead to cracks in the electrode material and ultimately affect the performance and life of the battery.Therefore,how to modify the interface and optimize the structure of the copper-based current collector,which is the commonly used substrate for lithium metal deposition/extraction,so as to effectively regulate the lithium deposition behavior and inhibit the dendrite growth and alleviate the volume expansion,is very important to improve the electrochemical performance of lithium metal batteries.In this paper,the functionalized copper-based current collectors for lithium metal batteries were introduced,and the surface composition regulation and microstructure design of copper-based current collectors were discussed.Finally,a variety of modification strategies for stable lithium metal anodes were systematically summarized,which provided a certain reference for the practical application of lithium metal anodes in high energy density battery systems.

关 键 词：铜基集流体 金属锂负极 表面修饰 结构设计 

分 类 号：TF813[冶金工程—有色金属冶金] TF804.2