整片纳米多孔Cu/Co_(3)Sn_(2)/Sn负极的可控制备与储锂性能研究  

Controllable Preparation and Lithium Storage Performance of Monolithic Nanoporous Cu/Co_(3)Sn_(2)/Sn Anode

作　　者：刘相江 刘文博[1] LIU Xiangjiang;LIU Wenbo(School of Mechanical Engineering,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学机械工程学院,四川成都610065

出　　处：《铜业工程》2025年第1期56-62,共7页Copper Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(52075351)资助。

摘　　要：目前,商用石墨负极得到广泛应用,但因理论比容量较低,难以满足未来高能量密度电池的发展要求。因此,开发具有更高比容量的新型负极材料迫在眉睫。锡基材料因高理论比容量和较低的嵌锂电位,被认为是最具潜力的新一代锂离子电池负极材料之一。然而,锡基材料在脱锂/嵌锂过程中会发生显著的体积膨胀,往往会破坏电极结构,导致电池容量快速衰减。为了解决这一问题,本文通过化学脱合金与电化学沉积技术,成功合成了具有纳米多孔结构的整片Cu/Co_(3)Sn_(2)/Sn负极。纳米多孔结构提供了大量的孔隙空间,可有效缓冲材料在体积膨胀过程中的应力,并提升电解液的浸润能力。同时,Sn-Co活性-惰性体系中,惰性组元Co能够抑制Sn在脱锂/嵌锂过程中的体积变化,确保电极在循环过程中的机械稳定性。此外,整片电极的设计无需添加黏接剂和导电剂,减少了电化学副反应的发生。因此,所设计的负极材料展现出优异的电化学性能。在1 A/g的电流密度下,该材料的初始可逆容量达到591 mAh/g,首次库伦效率超过91%。即使经过400次循环,其容量仍保持在367 mAh/g,容量保持率达到65.7%。The commercially available graphite anodes,which are widely used today,can no longer meet the demand for future high-energy-density batteries due to their relatively low theoretical specific capacity.Therefore,developing new anode materials with higher specific capacity has become an urgent task.Tin-based materials,with their high theoretical specific capacity and low lithium intercalation potential,are considered one of the most promising next-generation anode materials for lithium-ion batteries.However,the significant volume expansion that occurs during the delithiation/lithiation process in tin-based materials often damages the electrode structure,leading to rapid battery capacity degradation.To address this issue,this study successfully synthesized a nanoporous Cu/Co_(3)Sn_(2)/Sn anode with a nanoporous structure through chemical dealloying and electrochemical deposition techniques.The nanoporous structure provided abundant pore space,which effectively buffered the stress during volume expansion and enhanced electrolyte infiltration.Meanwhile,in Sn-Co active-inert system,the inert component Co could suppress the volume change of Sn during the delithiation/lithiation process,ensuring the mechanical stability of the electrode during cycling.Furthermore,the design of the entire electrode eliminated the need for binders and conductive agents,reducing side electrochemical reactions.As a result,the designed anode material exhibited excellent electrochemical performance.At a current density of 1 A/g,Cu/Co_(3)Sn_(2)/Sn-100 anode electrode achieved an initial reversible capacity of 591 mAh/g,with a first-cycle Coulombic efficiency exceeding 91%.Even after 400 cycles,its capacity remained at 367 mAh/g,with a capacity retention rate of 65.7%.

关 键 词：锡基负极材料 纳米多孔结构 锂离子电池 活-惰性体系 体积膨胀 

分 类 号：TM912[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]