铜冶炼渣中有价金属提取方法综述  

Review on Extraction Methods of Valuable Metals from Copper Smelting Slag

作　　者：王琛 梁鹏 李昊男 杜浩[1,2] 吕页清 刘宇 高晨龙 刘彪 WANG Chen;LIANG Peng;LI Haonan;DU Hao;LV Yeqing;LIU Yu;GAO Chenlong;LIU Biao(Institute of Process Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing100190,China;International College of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Chifeng Jintong Copper Company Limited,Chifeng 024000,China;Dali Electric Xiangyang Company Limited,Xiangyang 441000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院过程工程研究所,北京100190 [2]中国科学院大学国际学院,北京100049 [3]赤峰市金通铜业有限公司,内蒙古赤峰024000 [4]大力电工襄阳股份有限公司,湖北襄阳441000

出　　处：《铜业工程》2025年第1期131-141,共11页Copper Engineering

基　　金：中国科学院前瞻战略科技先导专项(A类先导专项)(XDA0430304)资助。

摘　　要：随着中国铜产业的快速发展,每年产出大量铜冶炼渣,这些铜冶炼渣如何得以妥善处理因而受到广泛关注。铜冶炼渣中铜、铁品位较高,还含有锌、钴、镍等有价金属,是一种高附加值的二次资源,但由于其矿物结构复杂、处理难度大,大部分铜渣仍以堆存为主,占用大量土地资源。为了发掘铜冶炼渣潜在的经济效益和社会效益,需要进一步开展冶金回收和固废处理的研究。本文介绍了中国铜冶炼渣综合回收现状,综述了浮选法、火法冶炼和湿法冶金3种从铜冶炼渣中提取有价金属的方法,并分析了各种方法的优缺点。针对浮选法,主要从水淬渣和缓冷渣两个方面论述;针对火法冶炼,主要从还原焙烧、熔融氧化和熔融硫化三方面进行分析;针对湿法冶金,主要从化学浸出和生物浸出两方面展开讨论。最后,对于铜冶炼渣的综合利用提出了建议与方案,期望在完成有价金属回收的同时实现大宗固废的减量化消纳。With the rapid development of China's copper industry,a large amount of copper smelting slag is produced every year,and how to deal with copper smelting slag has attracted widespread attention.Copper smelting slag has high copper and iron grades,and also contains valuable metals such as zinc,cobalt,nickel,etc.It is a kind of high value-added secondary resources,which is difficult to treat due to its complex mineral structure,and most of the copper slag is mainly piled up,occupying a large amount of land resources.Therefore,in order to fulfil its potential economic and environmental benefits,copper smelting slag needs to be recovered and treated metallurgically,rather than being dumped or discarded without treatment.This paper introduced the current situation of comprehensive recovery of copper smelting slag in China,and gave an overview of three methods of extracting valuable metals from copper smelting slag,namely:flotation,pyrometallurgy,and hydrometallurgy.Water-quenched and slow-cooled slag aspects of flotation were discussed.The reduction and roasting,melt oxidation,and melt sulphation aspects were analyzed for pyrometallurgy while chemical and bioleaching were used to analyze the hydrometallurgy with detailed advantages and disadvantages of these various methods.The merits and demerits of each method were analyzed.The comprehensive utilization path of copper smelting slag was also suggested to achieve the recovery of valuable metals and the reduction and elimination of bulk solid waste simultaneously.

关 键 词：铜冶炼渣 有价金属 综合利用 大宗固废 减量化 

分 类 号：TF811[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]