从上海戏园商业演剧看清末民初昆曲的生存态势  

A Study on the Survival Situation of Kunqu Opera during the Late Qing Dynasty and Early Republic of China from the Perspective of Commercial Performances in Shanghai Theaters

作　　者：陈秋婷 CHEN Qiuting(School of Humanities,Minjiang University,Fuzhou,Fujian 350108,China)

机构地区：[1]闽江学院中文系,福建福州350108

出　　处：《贵州大学学报(艺术版)》2025年第1期83-92,共10页Journal of Guizhou University Art Edition

基　　金：教育部人文社科青年项目“近代上海戏园商业演剧研究”(项目编号:23YJCZH018);闽江学院引进人才预研项目(项目编号:MJY22011)。

摘　　要：清末上海戏园商业演剧兴盛,其演剧市场历经从以昆班戏园为主到以京班为主,这一过程是诸多戏班应对市场化、娱乐化浪潮而作出的调整,由此在演出队伍、演出戏目、演出形式等方面进行改进与创新。然而,随着市场份额的减少与京班戏园的壮大,昆班戏园逐渐呈现出分流的趋势:一方面是戏园消歇与伶人改组,另一方面则是昆曲演出场所逐渐从专门性、营业性戏园转移至游戏场。此演变历程不仅勾勒出清末民初昆曲的生存态势,同时可以借此察知昆曲的演变史。Commercial theater performances in Shanghai theaters flourished in the late Qing Dynasty,and the theater market went from being dominated by troupes of Kunqu opera to those of Peking opera.This process was an adjustment made by many theater troupes in the late Qing Dynasty in response to the wave of marketization and entertainment,which led to improvements and innovations in performance teams,repertoire,and performance formats.However,with the decrease in market share and the growth of Peking Opera Theater,Kunqu Opera Theater gradually emerged a trend of divergence:on the one hand,there was a reorganization of theater entertainment and performers;on the other hand,performance venues of Kunqu Opera gradually moved from specialized,commercial theaters to gaming venues.This evolution not only outlines the survival situation of Kunqu Opera during the period of the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China,but also allows us to understand the evolution history of Kunqu Opera.

关 键 词：上海戏园 演剧 昆曲 京班戏园 

分 类 号：J82[艺术—戏剧戏曲]