未成年人个人信息保护监护人同意模式之检视及法理重构  

The Guardian Consent Model for Protecting Minors'Personal Information:A Review and Jurisprudential Reconstruction

作　　者：王建国[1,2,3] 王绍禺 Wang Jianguo;Wang Shaoyu

机构地区：[1]郑州大学法学院 [2]郑州大学中原法治文化研究中心 [3]河南省法学会法理法史学研究会

出　　处：《法治现代化研究》2025年第1期168-179,共12页Law and Modernization

基　　金：河南省高校哲学社会科学创新团队支持计划项目“马克思主义法治理论”(2022-CXTD-08)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：随着网络环境的日益复杂化,未成年人个人信息保护面临着前所未有的挑战。我国虽在立法层面明确了以监护人同意为核心的未成年人个人信息保护制度,但是在适用中仍存在年龄界限划分过于绝对、身份验证困难、同意机制实施效果不佳等问题。为了更为有效地落实监护人同意,并适度兼顾未成年人信息自决权,本文建议我国立法从监护人同意的控制模式适度转向信托管理模式,将未成年个人信息保护的重心从监护人同意适度转向信息处理责任,并基于不同类型的未成年个人信息处理中的风险差异设置不同的保护规则。同时,未成年个人信息保护亦应注重合作治理,发挥市场激励、行业规范与政府监管的力量,重构与优化未成年个人信息权益保护制度。As the online environment becomes increasingly complex,the protection of minors'personal information faces unprecedented challenges.Although China's legislation has established a protection system centered on guardian consent,its application reveals significant issues,including overly rigid age boundaries,difficulties in identity verification,and the ineffective implementation of the consent mechanism.To improve the effectiveness of guardian consent while balancing minors'right to information self-determination,it is proposed that China's legislation moderately shift from a guardian-consent-based control model to a trust-management model.This shift would redirect the focus of minors'personal information protection from guardian consent to the accountability of information processors.It would also involve setting differentiated protection rules based on the varying levels of risk in processing different types of minors'personal information.Additionally,the protection of minors'personal information should emphasize collaborative governance,leveraging market incentives,industry standards,and government regulation to reconstruct and optimize the system for safeguarding minors'information rights.

关 键 词：未成年个人信息 自主能力 监护人同意规则 信托关系 合作治理 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学] D922.183[政治法律—法学]