社区韧性的理论发展、论争与本土建构  

Theoretical Development,Debates and Local Construction of Community Resilience

作　　者：许云云 彭华民[1] XU Yunyun;PENG Huamin

机构地区：[1]南京大学社会学院,南京210023

出　　处：《社会工作》2025年第1期65-88,157-159,共27页Journal of Social Work

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学重大项目“西方社会福利理论前沿:批判与重构”(项目编号:19JHQ011);安徽省学术与技术带头人后备人选科研经费资助项目(项目编号:2020H220)。

摘　　要：社区韧性是近年来风险治理的一种主动探索,在基层治理中发挥重要作用。作为一个复杂且多样化的概念,研究者对其理解存在差异与争议。本文通过梳理社区韧性的概念起源、产生的政治背景及理论发展发现,已有研究较多是在行动层面探讨社区已存在或可习得的“在那里”的客观能力的表征观,忽视了结构层面的社会环境与权力关系的影响,这种二元分立的讨论是片面而不足的。社区韧性的研究逐渐转向满足社会系统所要求的动态、具备适应能力和随时空变化及时调整的社会建构观。本文在理解本土治理情境下的社区韧性的基础上,借鉴蒂利的过程—机制论,讨论环境机制、认知机制以及连接机制如何互动并影响社区韧性建构。The grassroots society exhibits characteristics of complexity,fragility,and sensitivity,and grassroots governance faces multiple risks.The initiative of governance subjects is restricted,leading to problems such as formalism and governance entrenchment.Community resilience has a set of methods to deal with injuries and pressures and can mobilize the internal mechanisms of the community,such as organization,resources,capacity,and culture,to deal with challenges.It can not only address observed risks but also focus on improving the ability to handle risks that cannot be predicted in advance,playing an important role in grassroots risk governance.This article,by reviewing the origin of the concept of community resilience,its political background,and theoretical development,discovers that community resilience is a complex and diverse concept.Researchers have different understandings and disagreements regarding the concept definition and theoretical perspectives.With the deepening of research,some comprehensive concepts have emerged,considering five aspects:mitigation,response,recovery,adaptation,and transformation.Their theoretical perspectives have also gradually been enriched,including the capability-capital perspective,system-ecology perspective,process-action perspective,and learning-development perspective.Each of the four theoretical perspectives has different emphases,but none of them exists completely independently of the others.They can intersect with each other.Community resilience has both static and dynamic characteristics.However,community resilience under the Western discourse system emerged in the context of capitalism,emphasizing resilience policies formulated by external actors such as state institutions and experts from the top down.There is a suspicion of“retrogression”in the embedded neoliberalism that shifts responsibility to individuals and communities.This is precisely the part that is most easily overlooked in research on community resilience.Early studies on community resilience tended to

关 键 词：社区韧性 社区韧性建构 过程—机制论 

分 类 号：C916[经济管理]