降落伞弹射出舱过程耗能分析  

Energy Consumption Analysis of Parachute Ejection Process from the Capsule

作　　者：韩旗旗 卢齐跃[1] HAN Qiqi;LU Qiyue(Beijing Institute of Space Mechanics&Electricity,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]北京空间机电研究所,北京100094

出　　处：《航天返回与遥感》2025年第1期33-44,共12页Spacecraft Recovery & Remote Sensing

摘　　要：降落伞弹射出舱过程中发现预估的弹射速度与实际弹射试验的结果存在明显差异,弹射过程存在耗能问题,目前的研究中难以准确描述弹射出舱过程的耗能机理。文章首先进行弹射器弹配重仿真,然后建立弹射组合体的弹簧阻尼动力学模型,以弹配重仿真结果与弹伞试验数据为输入,通过数据拟合的方式求解弹簧阻尼模型关键参数。最后,进行降落伞弹射出舱动力学仿真,并利用另一种试验工况进行验证。研究表明,弹簧阻尼模型可以比较准确的描述降落伞弹射出舱过程;在阻尼系数保持不变时,弹簧的刚度系数越大,伞包最终的耗能越少;刚度系数保持不变时,阻尼系数越大,伞包的耗能越多;弹射组合体中刚性质量占比越大,耗能越少。研究成果可以为降落伞伞包设计与降落伞弹射出舱耗能分析提供一定的参考。In the parachute ejection process,there is a significant difference between the estimated ejection speed and the actual ejection test results.An energy consumption issue can not be ingored in the ejection process,and it is difficult to accurately describe the ejection consunmption mechanism of the ejection process in current research.Firstly,the counterweight ejection simulation is performed using the catapult.Then,a spring-damping dynamic model of the catapult combination is established.Using the simulation results of the ballistic counterweight and the data from the parachute test as inputs,the key parameters of the spring damping model are solved through data fitting.Finally,completed the dynamics simulation of parachute ejection from the capsule and verified under another test condition.The investigation revealed that the spring damping model can accurately describe the parachute ejection process from the capsule.When the damping coefficient remains constant,the greater the stiffness coefficient of spring,the less energy the parachute pack will ultimately dissipate.When the stiffness coefficient of spring remains constant,the greater damping coefficient,the more energy the parachute pack will ultimately dissipate.The higher the proportion of rigid mass in the ejection assembly,the less energy consumption.The research results can provide some reference for parachute package design and energy dissipation analysis of parachute ejection process from the capsule.

关 键 词：弹簧阻尼模型 耗能分析 弹射出舱 内弹道特性 降落伞 

分 类 号：V445.4[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]