物权期待权与普通债权的位阶:基于某房屋买卖案的评析  

The Ranking of Property Expectation Right and Ordinary Debt Claims:A Commentary Based on a House Sale Case

作　　者：崔建远[1] Cui Jianyuan

机构地区：[1]清华大学

出　　处：《地方立法研究》2025年第1期39-53,共15页Local Legislation Journal

基　　金：2022年度教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“民法典违约责任规则的体系化审视研究”(22JJD820015)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《最高人民法院关于人民法院办理执行异议和复议案件若干问题的规定》第28条的文义是清晰的,其规范目的体现了符合实际情况的法政策,故其所显示的构成要件须被遵守。被强制执行的财产,应是被执行人的财产,而非被执行人以外的人或第三人的财产。在执行标的并非执行申请人与被执行人所为交易的标的物时,不应以公示的物权归属为准,而应注重其在事实层面的归属,遵循实事求是的原则,即拟执行的财产不属于被执行人而属于第三人,则该第三人就有权对抗强制执行。该规定第28条未要求执行异议人(买受人)无过错,而是要求“非因买受人自身原因未办理转移登记”,即使执行异议人(买受人)在办理转移登记以外的领域存在过失,也不是排斥执行异议的事由。Article 28 of the Provisions of the Supreme People's Court on Several Issues Concerning the People's Courts'Handling of Cases of Objection to and Reconsideration of Enforcement is clear,and the purpose of the regulation reflects the policy of the law that is consistent with the actual situation.So the constituent elements shown therein should be followed.The property subject to enforcement shall be the property of the executor,not the property of a person other than the executor or of a third person.Where the subject matter of the enforcement is not the subject matter of the transaction between the applicant for enforcement and the executor,the actual ownership rather than public disclosure informaton of the property right shall prevail.If the property to be enforced does not belong to the executor,but belongs to a third person,that third person shall be entitled to fight against the enforcement.Article 28 of the provision does not require that the execution objector(buyer)bear no fault,but requires that,“when failure to register the transfer of ownership is not due to the buyer's own reasons”,the fact that the execution objector(buyer)has fault in registration transfer should not be a cause to exclude the execution of the objection to the subject matter.

关 键 词：执行异议 构成要件 实质主义 商品交换 法技术 

分 类 号：D923.2[政治法律—民商法学]