大型硐室分层开挖支护参数优化与稳定性模拟  

Supporting Parameters Optimization and Stability Numerical Simulation in Layered Excavation of Large Chamber

作　　者：苏永定 薛小蒙 李国骁 路丰豪 黄明清 SU Yongding;XUE Xiaomeng;LI Guoxiao;LU Fenghao;HUANG Mingqing

机构地区：[1]塞尔维亚紫金矿业有限公司,Bor Serbia 19210 [2]福州大学紫金地质与矿业学院,福建福州350108

出　　处：《中国矿山工程》2024年第6期1-5,12,共6页China Mine Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“高寒及生态脆弱区大型矿山绿色开采技术”(项目编号:2022YFC2903900)。

摘　　要：本文以塞尔维亚某铜矿大型破碎硐室开挖为工程背景,结合地质特征和作业条件确定了硐室开挖工艺与支护方法,基于加固拱等理论计算了锚杆、预应力长锚索等支护参数。结果表明,单侧导硐正台阶分层施工可实现不良岩层大型硐室开挖过程稳定性,其中上分层拱部“导硐+扩刷”三步开挖比一次开挖成形时顶板竖向位移和侧帮水平位移分别减少了27.9%和35.7%;锚-网-喷-锚索临时支护和钢筋混凝土永久支护的联合支护条件下,破碎硐室的顶板应力拱与侧帮受拉应力大幅减小,围岩位移量及塑性区最大深度减小明显,保障了硐室开挖与服役期间的安全。The orepass-crushing system is a critical large chamber in underground metal mines during construction and production phases. Temporary and permanent support methods are essential to maintaining the stability of the chamber during excavation and service periods. Taking the excavation of a large crushing chamber in a Serbian copper mine as an example, the excavation process and support methods were determined based on geological characteristics and operating conditions. Support parameters, such as rock bolts and prestressed long anchors, were calculated using reinforced arch theories. The results show that a single-side pilot drift with positive step layered excavation ensures stability during the excavation of large chambers in poor rock conditions. For the upper-layer arch, the “pilot drift-extension brushing” three-step excavation reduces the vertical displacement of the roof and horizontal displacement of the sidewalls by 27.9% and 35.7%, respectively, compared to one-time full-section excavation. Under combined temporary support(bolts, mesh, shotcrete, and anchors) and permanent support(reinforced concrete), the stress arch in the roof and tensile stress in the sidewalls of the crushing chamber were significantly reduced. The displacement of surrounding rock and the maximum depth of the plastic zone were also effectively minimized, ensuring safety during both the excavation and service periods of the crushing chamber.

关 键 词：破碎硐室 预应力长锚索 联合支护 台阶分层开挖 

分 类 号：TD354[矿业工程—矿井建设]