我国油菜秸秆资源情况、利用现状及发展建议  

Situation,utilization and development suggestions of oilseed rape straw resources in China

作　　者：孙元丰 李晓阳 胡潇方 许雪乔 杨午滕 孙仁华 薛颖昊 徐志宇 SUN Yuan-feng;LI Xiao-yang;HU Xiao-fang;XU Xue-qiao;YANG Wu-teng;SUN Ren-hua;XUE Ying-hao;XU Zhi-yu

机构地区：[1]农业农村部农业生态与资源保护总站,北京100125

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2025年第1期1-8,共8页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：国家油菜产业技术体系(CARS-12)。

摘　　要：油菜是我国第一大油料作物,系统梳理我国油菜秸秆资源情况和利用现状对于延长油菜产业链条具有重要指导意义。本文基于农业农村部全国秸秆资源台账数据库及文献资料,对我国油菜秸秆资源底数和利用现状进行系统分析,在此基础上提出未来发展建议。结果显示,2021年,全国油菜秸秆产生量为2914.7万吨(未统计港澳台),可收集量为2368.4万吨,仅次于玉米、水稻和小麦三大粮食作物秸秆资源量。油菜秸秆肥料化利用占绝对比重(63.9%),且以直接还田利用为主(51.4%),饲料化和燃料化利用潜力巨大,基料化和原料化利用占比较低。未来,油菜秸秆需要加强还田和饲料化利用关键科技与装备支撑,并注重政策体系建设,提升产业化发展水平。Oilseed rape is the most widely cultivated oil crop in China.A systematic review of the production and utilization of oilseed rape straw resources in China is vital for extending the oilseed rape industry chain.Based on the crop straw resource ledger data of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and publications,we have conducted a systematic analysis of the base number and utilization status of oilseed rape straw resources in China.Moreover,suggestions for future development have been proposed.The results showed that in 2021,the production of oilseed rape straw in China was 29.147 million tons(excluding Hong Kong,Macao,and Taiwan Province of China),and the collectable amount was 23.684 million tons,following to the three major grain crops of maize,rice,and wheat.The fertilizer utilization of oilseed rape straw accounts for an absolute proportion of 63.9%,especially for directly return to the field of 51.4%.The potential of utilization for feed and energy was enormous,while the proportion of base material or raw material utilization was relatively low.In the future,it is necessary to strengthen the support of key technologies and equipment for returning to the field and feed utilization,and pay attention to the construction of policy systems to enhance the level of industrial development.

关 键 词：油菜秸秆 产生量 可收集量“ 五料化”利用 直接还田 产业化 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]