油菜花期耐寒性的快速鉴定及耐寒新种质筛选  

Rapid identification of cold tolerant rapeseed during flowering stage and screen for new resistant germplasms

作　　者：温运飞 李一林 郝梦宇 张茹佳 梅德圣[1] 胡琼[1] 成洪涛 王会[1] WEN Yun-fei;LI Yi-lin;HAO Meng-yu;ZHANG Ru-jia;MEI De-sheng;HU Qiong;CHENG Hong-tao;WANG Hui(Oil Crops Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan 430062,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院油料作物研究所/农业农村部油料作物生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,湖北武汉430062

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2025年第1期37-44,共8页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：科技创新2030重大项目(2022ZD04009);中国农业科学院基本科研业务费(1610172020001);国家农业现代产业技术体系建设专项(CAR-13)。

摘　　要：近年来随着我国水稻收获期的后延,油菜播种期不断推迟,使种子在低温下难以萌发出苗的几率增加。长江流域的油菜主产区经常出现“倒春寒”天气,严重危害油菜的花期授粉,降低结实率,导致油菜严重减产。选育低温条件下快速萌发且花期耐低温的油菜新品种,成为油菜生产迫切需要解决的关键问题之一。本研究在前期筛选出49份早熟育种骨干资源基础上,从中鉴定出耐8℃低温发芽的油菜种质。进一步通过油菜快速育种技术设施快速获得这些骨干资源的开花植株,进行花期低温处理,建立了一套油菜花期低温耐寒性快速鉴定方法,并采用此方法筛选出2份耐花期低温且耐低温发芽的早熟油菜新种质。In recent years,due to the delayed harvest time of rice in China,the sowing date of rapeseed has been continuously postponed,making it more difficult for seeds to germinate under low temperatures.The main rapeseed production areas in the Yangtze River Basin often experience“cold spell in later spring”weather,which seriously endangers the flowering and pollination of rapeseed,reduces seed setting rate,and leads to a serious reduction in rapeseed production.The development of new rapeseed varieties that can quickly germinate under low temperature conditions and tolerate low temperature during flowering has become one of the key issues that urgently need to be solved for rapeseed production.Based on 49 early maturation breeding backbone resources screened previously,we further identified rapeseed germplasm that can germinate under 8℃low-temperature in this study.The speed breeding growth chamber was employed to promote rapeseed flowering and a rapid method for assessing low temperature tolerance during flowering was established.Two new early maturation rapeseed varieties with low temperature tolerance both at flowering and germination stages were screened using this technology.

关 键 词：油菜 耐低温 耐寒 冬闲田 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]