小粒花生品种遗传多样性分析与综合评价  

Genetic diversity and comprehensive assessment of small-pod peanut varieties

作　　者：苗建利 邓丽 殷君华 郭敏杰 任丽 MIAO Jian-li;DENG Li;YIN Jun-hua;GUO Min-jie;REN Li(Kaifeng Academy of Agriculture and Forestry,Kaifeng 475004,China)

机构地区：[1]开封市农林科学研究院,河南开封475004

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2025年第1期71-80,共10页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-13);河南省农业良种攻关项目(20220100001);开封市重点研发专项(22ZDYF008);河南省重大科技专项(创新示范专项)(191110110900)。

摘　　要：为筛选和改良小粒花生优异种质,对25份小粒花生品种的18个表型性状进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明:这25份材料具有丰富的遗传多样性,质量性状中多样性指数最高的为叶形(0.95),数量性状中多样性指数最高的为单株生产力(1.959),变异系数最大的为单株饱果数(46.421%);通过因子分析,提取的3个主因子累计贡献率为80.506%,第1公因子主要反映花生产量性状,如百果重和百仁重,第2公因子主要反映花生总分枝数、结果枝数、单株饱果数、单株生产力等产量构成因子,第3公因子主要反映花生植株的株高。通过聚类分析将25份材料划分成3个类群,其中第Ⅰ类群属主茎较高、侧枝较长且增产潜力较大的品种,第Ⅱ类群属主要性状协调生长,稳产性较好的品种,第Ⅲ类群属于优异性状较单一的品种。通过计算花生品种综合得分可知,得分最高的品种是济花10号,最低的是济花8号。To facilitate the screening of excellent peanut germplasm,25 small-pod peanut varieties were used to genetic diversity analysis based on 18 phenotypic traits.Results revealed that the 25 small-pod peanuts had abundant genetic diversity,and the highest Shannon-Wiener diversity index among quality traits was leaf shape(0.95),the highest Shannon-Wiener diversity index among quantitative traits was productivity per plant(1.959),and the highest coefficient of variation was the number of full pods per plant(46.421%).Results of factor analysis indicated that cumulative contribution rate of the first 3 main factors extracted was 80.506%.The first factor mainly reflected peanut yield traits,such as 100-pod weight and 100-seed weight.The second factor mainly represented the yield components such as total branche number,branche number with pods,full pod number and the productivity per plant.The third factor mainly reflected the plant height.The 25 small-pod peanuts were divided into 3 groups by cluster analysis.The GroupⅠincluded varieties with higher main stems,longer lateral branches and greater potential for yield increase.The GroupⅡincluded varieties with coordinated growth of main characteristics and better stable yield.The GroupⅢincluded varieties with relatively single excellent characteristics.By calculating the comprehensive score of peanut varieties,the highest score was of Jihua 10,and the lowest was of Jihua 8.

关 键 词：花生 性状 遗传多样性 因子分析 聚类分析 综合评价 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]