2017-2022年我国花生登记品种主要性状演变分析  

Evolution of main characteristics of peanut varieties registered in China from 2017 to 2022

作　　者：汪娅梅 谭家壮 吴小丽 陈少菜 宋昌艺 黄小妹 洪彦彬[2] 鲁清[2] WANG Ya-mei;TAN Jia-zhuang;WU Xiao-li;CHEN Shao-cai;SONG Chang-yi;HUANG Xiao-mei;HONG Yan-bin;LU Qing(Zhanjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhanjiang 524094,China;Crops Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement/South China Peanut Sub-Center of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement,Guangzhou 510640,China)

机构地区：[1]湛江市农业科学研究院,广东湛江524094 [2]广东省农业科学院作物研究所/广东省农作物遗传改良重点实验室/国家油料作物改良中心南方花生分中心,广东广州510640

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2025年第1期81-93,共13页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-13);广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2020B020219003)。

摘　　要：为提升花生育种水平、加速品种改良,对2017-2022年我国登记的花生品种的主要农艺性状、产量、品质及抗性进行综合分析。结果表明:2017-2022年我国共登记了1168个品种,以普通型花生为主,通过杂交育成的品种占比达85.6%,科研院所是花生育种的主导力量。对其进行亲本分析,发现亲本利用较为集中,开选01-6、白沙1016、豫花15号等9个骨干亲本育成新品种数多达300个,是国内花生育种重要的骨干亲本。登记品种的单株结果数、油酸含量随年份增长不断上升,但抗性等级有明显下降,产量及其它性状变幅较小,相对稳定。相关性分析发现,干荚果产量、籽仁产量均与总分枝、结果枝、百果重、百仁重、含油量呈极显著正相关,与主茎高、侧枝长、蛋白质含量呈极显著负相关,这说明产量可以通过增加分枝数、适当降低主茎高等措施来提高,产量与品质的协同提升关系为高产高油高油酸花生品种的选育提供了可能。To improve peanut breeding,we comprehensively analyzed the main agronomic traits,yield,quality and disease resistance of peanut varieties registered in China from 2017 to 2022.Results showed that totaly 1168 varieties were registered during this period,among them 85.6%were by crossbreeding,and common type was the dominant.Scientific research institutes are the leading force in peanut breeding.By analyzing their parents,it was found that 9 varieties were the backbones for up to 300 varieties.The backbone parents included Kaixuan 01-6,Baisha 1016 and Yuhua 15.Pod number per plant and oleic acid content of the registered increased each year,while linoleic acid content and resistance showed significantly decrease.Yield and other traits remained relatively stable with minor variations.Correlation analysis showed that dry pod yield and kernel yield were both significantly positively correlated with total branching number,number of branches with pod,pod weight,kernel weight and oil content.And,they were significantly negatively correlated with main stem height,lateral branch length,and protein content,indicating that yield could be improved by increasing branch number and appropriately reducing main stem height.Synergistic relationship between yield and quality provided possibility for peanut breeding with high yield,high oil and high oleic acid.

关 键 词：花生 登记品种 产量和农艺性状 高油酸 抗病性 演变分析 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]