催枯剂敌草快对油菜脱水效率及产量形成的影响  

Effect of diquat for desiccating efficiency and yield on rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)

作　　者：唐浩蓝 张金盔 丁晓雨 孙科 程勇[2] 徐劲松 许本波 张学昆 TANG Hao-lan;ZHANG Jin-kui;DING Xiao-yu;SUN Ke;CHENG Yong;XU Jin-song;XU Ben-bo;ZHANG Xue-kun(MARA Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River,Engineering Research Center for Wetland Ecology and Agricultural Utilization of Ministry of Education,College of Agronomy,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434025,China;Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology and Genetic Improvement of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair,Wuhan 430062,China;Agricultural Technology Promotion Center of Zhongxiang,Zhongxiang 431900,China)

机构地区：[1]长江大学农学院,农业农村部长江中游作物绿色高效生产重点实验室(部省共建),湿地生态与农业利用教育部工程研究中心,湖北荆州434025 [2]中国农业科学院油料作物研究所/农业农村部油料作物生物学与遗传育种重点开放实验室,湖北武汉430062 [3]钟祥市农业技术推广中心粮油站,湖北钟祥431900

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2025年第1期135-142,共8页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：农业农村部长江中游油菜单产提升技术集成示范(152304045);湖北省“515”行动(协同推广)“油菜新技术示范科技服务油菜产业链项目”。

摘　　要：我国油菜品种抗裂角能力较差,联合机收损失高达20%左右,对油菜收获产量和效率影响严重,已成为当前油菜单产提升的重要障碍。成熟期催枯,可以促进作物成熟一致,以快速收割、减少损失。本研究针对当前获得农业农村部农药登记的2种敌草快类油菜催枯生长调节剂立收谷和立农收,以中熟半冬性常规油菜品种阳光2009为材料,研究催枯后油菜角果和茎秆的脱水效率以及对产量和品质的影响。结果表明,与自然成熟对照组相比,经立收谷和立农收处理后,角果和茎秆含水量均显著下降。喷施后第5天,角果含水量从45%左右分别下降到9.58%和16.05%,茎秆含水量从55%左右分别下降到37.14%和45.02%,其中立收谷的脱水效率更高且稳定。催枯生长调节剂的喷施适宜时期为成熟中期,在该时期分别喷施立收谷和立农收催枯,比自然成熟后直接联合机械收获的产量分别提高9.69%和4.15%。与人工割晒方式相比,喷施立收谷和立农收后联合机械收获的损失率分别为4.63%和9.45%。但如喷施延迟到成熟晚期,则会导致收获损失率大幅提高,分别达到13.80%和15.87%。两种制剂浓度试验表明,9~45 g/hm2立收谷均不会对子代产量造成显著影响,2种高浓度(36 g/hm2和45 g/hm2)立农收会导致子代产量分别显著下降5.76%和8.69%。不同浓度处理后,收获种子品质性状芥酸、油酸、硫苷、水分、发芽势和发芽率等指标变化不显著。鉴于敌草快作为生长调节剂已经获得我国农业农村部和其他国家的农药登记,已有研究也表明其具备较好的安全性,建议生产上可利用敌草快促进油菜成熟期脱水,减少机收损失,提高油菜联合机械收获效率,进一步提高我国油菜单产和生产效益。Without shattering resistance and different pods ripen time of indefinite inflorescence in rapeseed maturating stage,combine harvest usually result to more than 20%of rapeseed yield loss in China.In order to reduce rapeseed combine harvest loss,we used two kinds of Diquat dibromide monohydrate(C12H14BrN2O)as desiccant in rapeseed maturating stage,to analysis effect of Diquate for desiccating efficiency and yield.The results showed that the moisture content of the sample pods and stems were decreased significantly which compared with the natural maturity after spraying diquat(“Reglone”from Syngenta and“Linongshou”from LuBachem).After spraying for 5 d with Syngenta Diquat and LuBachem Diquat,the moisture content of the pod decreased from about 45%to 9.58%and 16.05%,and the moisture content of the stem decreased from about 55%to 37.14%and 45.02%,respectively.Compared with LuBachem Diquat,Syngenta Diquat showed better fast and stable characteristics in raining weather.The suitable period of spraying Diquat were maturity stage of 80%pod color become yellow(in mid maturity),the yield increased by 9.69%and 4.15%compared with natural maturity combined harvest,and the average combine harvest loss rate were 4.63%and 9.45%which spraying Syngenta Diquat and LuBachem Diquat.Spraying Diquat in later stage of 100%pod color become yellow(in late maturity)lead to a significant increase harvest loss rate in 13.80%and 15.87%,respectively.Syngenta Diquat concentration of 9-45 g/hm2 and LuBachem Diquat of 9-27 g/hm2 didn′t have influence with the descendant yield,while the high concentration(36 g/hm2,45 g/hm2)of LuBachem Diquat decrease descendant yield by 5.76%and 8.69%.Diquat didn′t affect Erucic acid,Oleic acid,Glucosinolate,water content,germination potential and germination rate of seeds.As Diquat were registered as a desiccant plant growth regulation in China and other country with studies showed a strong safety,we suggest that Diquat maybe an increasing efficiency method to reduce harvest loss in rapeseed productio

关 键 词：甘蓝型油菜 产量 敌草快 脱水 机收减损 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]