氮肥追施量对菜油两用油菜籽产量的影响  

Application effect of follow-up nitrogen fertilizer on yield of vegetable and oilseed rape

作　　者：孟孜贞 杨佳群 田贵生 胡兵 鲁君明 任涛[1] 鲁剑巍[1] MENG Zi-zhen;YANG Jia-qun;TIAN Gui-sheng;HU Bing;LU Jun-ming;REN Tao;LU Jian-wei(College of Resources and Environment,Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation(Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Microelement Research Center,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Development,Huanggang 435401,China;Agricultural Technology Service Center of Datong Lake Management District,Jingzhou 433221,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学资源与环境学院/农业农村部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室/华中农业大学微量元素研究中心,湖北武汉430070 [2]武穴市农业农村局,湖北黄冈435401 [3]洪湖市大同湖管理区农业技术服务中心,湖北荆州433221

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2025年第1期143-149,共7页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1600500);湖北省现代农业产业技术体系(HBHZD-ZB-2020-005);中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金(2662021ZH001)。

摘　　要：菜油两用是发展油菜多功能利用的重要途径,明确不摘薹和摘薹油菜的追施氮肥用量对油菜籽产量及其构成因子的影响,可为菜油两用油菜科学施肥提供依据。2022-2023年在湖北省洪湖市和武穴市布置田间试验,主处理设置为不摘薹和摘薹,副处理为追施氮肥(N)0、22.5、45.0、67.5、90.0和112.5 kg/hm^(2)。与不摘薹油菜相比,洪湖和武穴试验点在摘薹(鲜量)分别为6217 kg/hm^(2)和6613 kg/hm^(2)的条件下,两个试验点的油菜籽分别平均减产5.0%和24.7%,其中不追肥和低追肥量处理的减产幅度高于中高追肥量处理。薹期追施氮肥显著提高油菜籽产量,且摘薹油菜对追施氮肥的响应程度高于不摘薹油菜。洪湖点不摘薹和摘薹油菜分别追施氮肥40.6 kg/hm^(2)和42.2 kg/hm^(2)时可获得最高产量,而武穴点相应的最佳追施氮肥用量分别为33.4 kg/hm^(2)和40.3 kg/hm^(2),说明菜油两用油菜的薹期追施氮肥用量要高于常规油菜。追施氮肥显著增加不摘薹油菜一次分枝上的角果数和摘薹油菜二次分枝上的角果数,摘薹与不摘薹相比能增加油菜的每角粒数但千粒重显著降低。摘薹油菜籽的含油率略高于不摘薹油菜,追施氮肥降低籽粒含油率,适宜追施氮肥能有效提高产油量。研究结果说明在油菜薹期摘薹6.4 t/hm^(2)左右的条件下无论是否追施氮肥均会显著降低油菜籽产量,追施氮肥可以弥补产量的损失,适宜氮肥(N)用量为40 kg/hm^(2)左右。Developing vegetable and oilseed rape is an important multifunctional utilization of this crop.To better understand the application impact of follow-up nitrogen(N)fertilizer on stalk-free and stalk-cut rapeseed field on yield and its components,field experiments were carried out in Honghu City and Wuxue City,Hubei Province in 2022-2023.Main treatment was set as stalk-free and stalk-cut,secondary treatment was fertilizers(N)as 0,22.5,45.0,67.5,90.0 and 112.5 kg/hm^(2).Under the conditions of(Fresh)stalk harvesting of 6217 kg/hm^(2) and 6613 kg/hm^(2) respectievely in Honghu and Wuxue sites,seed yields were average reduced by 5.0%and 24.7%,compared to stalk-free.Among them,yields from the no-and low-adopted treatments were higher than those of the mediumand high-adopted treatments.Follow-up N fertilizer application during the shoot stage significantly increased seed yield of stalk-cut,and its response degree to N application was higher than that of stalk-free.The highest yields were obtained when 40.6 kg/hm^(2) and 42.2 kg/hm^(2) of follow-up N fertilizer were applied with stalk-free and stalkcut respectively at Honghu site,while the corresponding optimal application of follow-up N fertilizer at Wuxue were 33.4 kg/hm^(2) and 40.3 kg/hm^(2).It indicated that the N amount applied to vegetable and oilseed rape with stalk-cut was higher than that of the general.Follow-up N fertilizer increased the number of siliques on the primary meristem of stalk-free rapeseed,and the number of siliques on the secondary meristem of stalk-cut rape.Stalk-cut significantly increased the number of seeds per silique but decreased thousand seeds weight.Oil content of stalk-cut was slightly higher and the application of follow-up N fertilizer could reduce the oil content of rapeseed,and improve oil production when follow-up N fertilizer application was suitable.These results indicated that under the condition of about 6.4 t/hm^(2)of stalk cutting during shoot stage,no matter whether follow-up N fertilizer is applied or not will significantl

关 键 词：菜油两用 追施氮肥用量 油菜籽产量 角果数 每角粒数 千粒重 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]