花生全生育期镉吸收及迁移转运特征  

Dynamics of cadmium absorption and translocation patterns during whole growth period of peanut

作　　者：唐鑫 王玉荣 周志高[1] 丁昌峰[1,2] 王兴祥 TANG Xin;WANG Yu-rong;ZHOU Zhi-gao;DING Chang-feng;WANG Xing-xiang(CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation,Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,江苏南京210008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2025年第1期150-159,共10页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-13);国家自然科学基金(42077151);井冈山农高区省级科技专项(20222-051245)。

摘　　要：为探明花生籽粒镉(Cd)积累的关键时期和花生生长过程中Cd的吸收分配动态,选择花育22、湘花2008和粤油43三个花生品种进行田间试验,分析花生不同生育期各器官中Cd含量和转运系数(TF)的动态变化,并比较品种间的差异。实验结果表明籽粒中大于69%的Cd来自于结荚前期至饱果初期,且与籽粒生物量增长的关键时期一致。花生植株对Cd的吸收高峰期在结荚中期,进入饱果初期后,植株Cd净增长量急剧减少并保持较低的增长水平。花生根系吸收的Cd能高效地转运到地上部,其转运系数随着花生的生长持续提高,在花针期到达峰值,而后逐渐下降,但仍保持较高的转运系数(TF>1)。Cd从地上部转运至荚果是相对低效的过程,在整个生殖生长期保持相对稳定(TF≤0.2),而Cd从果壳到籽粒的转运效率较高,随着荚果的发育迅速增加,在饱果前期到达峰值,而后保持稳定或略有下降。花生吸收的Cd主要分配至茎叶,占植株Cd总量的80%以上。花育22茎叶的生长优势和相对较低的壳-籽粒的转运系数是其籽粒Cd积累低于另外两个品种的重要原因。减少生殖生长期,尤其是结荚初期及以后花生根系对Cd的吸收和Cd从地上部向荚果的迁移,以及限制结荚前期到饱果初期Cd从果壳向籽粒的转运是控制花生籽粒镉积累的关键。This study aimed to investigate the critical periods of cadmium(Cd)accumulation in peanut kernels and the dynamics of Cd absorption throughout peanut growth.Three peanut varieties,namely Huayu 22,Xianghua 2008 and Yueyou 43,were selected for field experiment.This study investigated the dynamic changes in Cd concentration in different organs of peanuts and its transfer coefficients at various growth stages,and differences among the varieties.Results revealed that over 69%of Cd in peanut kernels came from the early pod-setting stage to the early pod-filling stage,coinciding with kernel biomass indeased.Cd absorption peak occurred at the mid pod-setting stage but sharply decreased in the early pod filling stage.Peanut roots efficiently absorbed and transported Cd to above ground parts,with transfer coefficients peaking at flowering stage,then gradually declining but maintaining relatively high level(TF>1).Cd transfer from aboveground parts to pods was relatively inefficient(TF≤0.2)during whole reproductive growth stage.However,Cd transfer from pod shells to kernels was efficient,peaking at early pod filling stage and then remaining stable or slightly decreasing.Most absorbed Cd was allocated to stems and leaves,accounting over 80%of the total Cd accumulation.Lower Cd accumulation in Huayu 22 kernels was attributed to vigorous stem and leaf growth and a relative lower translocation factor from shell to kernel compared to other two varieties.Reducing Cd absorption from soil,minimizing Cd transfer from the aboveground parts to pods during the reproductive growth stage,particularly after the early pod-setting stage,and restricting Cd transfer from pod shells to kernels from early pod-setting to early pod-filling stage are crucial for safe peanut production.

关 键 词：花生 镉 红壤 动态规律 关键生育期 

分 类 号：S19[农业科学—农业基础科学] S565.2