“二次镇压”对花生子叶节的出土调控增产效果  

Effect of"Twice Compaction"cultivation technique on the regulation of cotyledon node excavation and yield of peanut

作　　者：刘珂珂 郭峰[1] 杨莎[1] 王建国[1] 高华鑫 邹洁 张佳蕾[1] 万书波[1] LIU Ke-de;GUO Feng;YANG sha;WANG Jian-guo;GAO Hua-xin;ZOU Jie;ZHANG Jia-lei;WAN Shu-bo(Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science,Jinan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2025年第1期160-166,共7页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2022YFD1000105);山东省重点研发计划项目(2022CXPT031,2021LZGC026,ZFJH202310);泰山学者工程;国家花生产业技术体系(CARS-13);山东省农业科学院重大科技成果培育工程项目(CXGC2023E01)。

摘　　要：为系统解决花生下种散乱,出苗率低,第一对侧枝不易出土等生产中存在的诸多问题,设计了花生覆膜“二次镇压”栽培技术,为验证该技术对花生子叶节出土调控效应及增产的效果,以花育25(HY25)和花育36(HY36)为试验材料,设置对照(CK)、清棵(QK)、二次镇压(ZY)3个处理,研究其对不同花生品种出苗率、壮苗率、子叶节出土率、农艺性状、干物质积累、产量构成及品质的影响。结果表明:QK和ZY均有助于壮苗,但ZY可显著提高花生出苗率和子叶节出土率,因此壮苗率较QK进一步提高,与QK相比,ZY处理后HY25和HY36的壮苗率分别提高了13.1%和12.4%;ZY对本身子叶节出土率较低的HY25调控效应更显著。ZY可降低主茎高和侧枝长,促进根系发育,提高成熟期主茎绿叶数和叶面积指数;显著提高植株各器官干物质积累,提高生物产量;促进结实和荚果饱满,增加干物质向荚果分配的比例,提高经济系数;提高实收株数,最终使荚果产量显著提高;提高花生籽仁的含油量和O/L值,改善花生品质。综上所述,花生覆膜“二次镇压”栽培技术有利于提高花生出苗率、壮苗率和子叶节出土率,改善农艺性状、促进干物质积累及提高荚果分配比例,提高产量,改善品质,为花生轻简高效栽培技术提供理论基础与技术支撑。To systematically solve the problems in the production of peanut,such as scattered planting,low emergence rate,and difficult emergence of the first pair of lateral branches,the′Twice Compaction′cultivation technique was developed.In order to evaluate the effect of this technique on peanut cotyledon node excavation and yield increase,Huayu 25(HY25)and Huayu 36(HY36)were selected as experimental materials.Three treatments including Control(CK),Cleaning stem base soil(QK),and Twice compaction(ZY)were set up to investigate the effects on the emergence rate,strong seedling rate,cotyledon node extraction rate,agronomic traits,dry matter accumulation,yield composition and quality of different peanut varieties.The results demonstrated that both QK and ZY were beneficial to seedling growth,however ZY significantly improved the emergence rate and cotyledon node extraction rate of peanut,leading to a further improvement in strong seedling rate compared to QK.Specitically,ZY increased the seedling strength rate of HY25 and HY36 by 13.1%and 12.4%,respectively.ZY has more significant regulatory effect on HY25,which has a lower rate of native cotyledon node emergence.ZY could reduce main stem height and lateral branch length,promote root development,and increase the number of green leaves and leaf area index of main stem at maturity.Moreover ZY promote fruiting and full pod,increase the proportion of dry matter distribution to pod,increase economic coefficient and the number of harvested plants,and finally increase pod yield significantly,meanwhile increase the oil content and O/L value of peanut kernels to improve peanut quality.In summary,the"Twice compaction"cultivation technique is conducive to improving the emergence rate,strong seedling rate,and cotyledon node emergence rate of peanut,improving agronomic traits,promoting dry matter accumulation and the proportion of distribution to pod,increasing yield and improving quality.It provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the light,simple and efficient cultiv

关 键 词：花生 二次镇压 子叶节出土率 农艺性状 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]