我国不同地区花生蓟马的物种组成及种群动态  

Species composition and population dynamics of thrips(Thysanoptera:Thripidae)in different peanutgrowing regions of China

作　　者：曲春娟 刘燊 姜晓静[1] 朱悦 曲明静[1] 李晓[1] QU Chun-juan;LIU Shen;JIANG Xiao-jing;ZHU Yue;QU Ming-jing;LI Xiao(Shandong Peanut Research Institute,Qingdao 266100,China;College of Agriculture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;College of Agriculture,Tarim University,Aral 843300,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省花生研究所,山东青岛266100 [2]新疆农业大学农学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [3]塔里木大学农学院,新疆阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2025年第1期176-185,共10页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：青岛市科技惠民示范专项(23-2-8-xdny-11-nsh);新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2022A02008-4);国家花生产业体系(CARS-13);山东省农业科学院创新工程(CXGC2023A39)。

摘　　要：为指导花生田蓟马的精准防控,了解和明确全国不同产区花生田蓟马的种类组成及其种群动态,采用盘拍法和色板诱集法对6个代表性地区的花生蓟马进行调查、鉴定,在此基础上对其多样性、相似性进行比较并对物种组成结构进行层次聚类分析。结果表明,新疆乌鲁木齐、吉林公主岭、山西汾阳、山东青岛、福建泉州、广东湛江6个地区一共采集到14234头蓟马,隶属于3科6属10种;在属级和种级组成上表现为蓟马科属、种占比最大。从整体看,花蓟马/西花蓟马、烟蓟马、普通大蓟马和玉米黄呆蓟马是花生田的主要蓟马种类。不同地区蓟马群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数大小依次为青岛>乌鲁木齐>泉州>公主岭>湛江>汾阳,Simpson优势集中性指数大小依次为湛江>汾阳>公主岭>泉州>乌鲁木齐>青岛。蓟马群落两两之间的Jaccard相似性系数在0.40~1.00之间,为中等不相似、中等相似和极相似,以中等相似情况居多;6个地区被明显地聚类为北方产区和南方产区两大类。北方四个地区多以花蓟马/西花蓟马和烟蓟马为优势种,分别占所采集蓟马总数的35.72%~40.35%、15.20%~56.55%;普通大蓟马是南方两个地区的优势种,占蓟马总数的31.09%~74.32%。花蓟马/西花蓟马和普通大蓟马在整个花生生育期都有发生,而烟蓟马多在早期或早中期发生。此前在花生上极少关注的玉米黄呆蓟马,在北方和华南产区都可以大量稳定发生,具有为害花生的潜在风险。此外还发现,蓟马调查方法不同对最终得到的物种数目及占比均有影响。For guiding the precise control of peanut thrips in China,differences were observed on dominant species of peanut thrips across different peanut-producing regions.The investigation and identification of peanut thrips,based on plant-flapping and color-trapping methods,were implemented in 6 representative regions.Diversity and similarity of thrips communities were analyzed.Hierarchical cluster analysis based on species composition structure was carried out.Results revealed that a total of 14234 thrips were collected from all sampling sites(Urumqi in Xinjiang,Gongzhuling in Jilin,Fenyang in Shanxi,Qingdao in Shandong,Quanzhou in Fujian,and Zhanjiang in Guangdong),belonging to 10 species,6 genera and 3 families.In terms of genera/species composition,the proportion of genera/species in the family of Thripsidae is the largest.Overall,Frankliniella intonsa/F.occidentalis,Thrips tabaci,Megalurothrips usitatus and Anaphothrips obscurus are the main species of thrips in peanut fields.Shannon-Wiener diversity index of thrips communities in the different regions could be ranked as:Qingdao>Urumqi>Quanzhou>Gongzhuling>Zhanjiang>Fenyang;and Simpson dominance index as:Zhanjiang>Fenyang>Gongzhuling>Quanzhou>Urumqi>Qingdao.The Jaccard similarity coefficient between the 2 thrips communities ranged from 0.40 to 1.00,representing medium dissimilarity,medium similarity and extremely similarity,and medium similarity was in the majority.The 6 regions were obviously clustered into 2 categories:northern production regions and southern production regions.In the 4 northern regions,the dominant species were F.intonsa/F.occidentalis and T.tabaci,which accounted for 35.72%to 40.35%and 15.20%to 56.55%,respectively.M.usitatus were the dominant species in the 2 southern regions,accounting for 31.09%to 74.32%.F.intonsa/F.occidentalis and M.usitatus occurred throughout the growth period of peanut,while T.tabaci occurred mostly in the early or early middle stages.A.obscurus,rarely studied on peanuts,occurred in large numbers and steadily in both nor

关 键 词：花生 蓟马 物种组成 优势种 种群动态 

分 类 号：S435.652[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S565.2[农业科学—植物保护] Q968.1[生物学—昆虫学]