金沙江软刺裸裂尻鱼繁殖特性研究  

Studies on Reproductive Characteristics of Schizopygopsi malacanthus in Jinshajiang River

作　　者：严太明[1,2] 蒲勇 胡佳祥 陈琪琪 高阔 郑利 焦圆圆 熊金鑫 赖柏霖 唐子婷 何智[1,2] YAN Taiming;PU Yong;HU Jiaxiang;CHEN Qiqi;GAO Kuo;ZHENG Li;JIAO Yuanyuan;XIONG Jinxin;LAI Bolin;TANG Ziting;HE Zhi(College of Animal Science and Technology,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,Sichuan Agricultural University/Observation and Research Station of Sichuan Province of Fish Resources and Environment in Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River,Chengdu 611130,China;Sichuan Water Conservancy Vocational College,Chengdu 611231,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学动物科技学院,成都611130 [2]四川农业大学动物科技学院/长江上游鱼类资源与环境四川省野外科学观测研究站,成都611130 [3]四川水利职业技术学院,成都611231

出　　处：《四川农业大学学报》2025年第1期25-32,共8页Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31972777、31402286);生态环境部生物多样性调查评估项目(2019HJ2096001006)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究金沙江软刺裸裂尻鱼繁殖特性。【方法】2017年6月—2022年7月在金沙江干支流共收集软刺裸裂尻鱼样本(Schizopygopsis malacanthus)677尾,采用常规石蜡组织切片技术、耳石日轮技术和生长推算等方法对其繁殖特性进行研究。【结果】繁殖季节达到性成熟个体雌雄可以利用臀鳍倒钩进行区分,雄性臀鳍和躯干存在珠星;雌雄性比为1.36∶1,与1∶1存在显著性差异(χ^(2)=10.276,P<0.05);金沙江群体雌雄鱼初次性成熟体长和年龄分别是13.88 cm和4.09龄、9.88 cm和3.07龄,雅砻江群体雌雄鱼初次性成熟体长和年龄分别是14.01 cm和4.18龄、10.53 cm和3.08龄;绝对繁殖力为1176~9342粒,相对繁殖力为15.7~58.8粒/g,繁殖力与体长和体重均成正相关;利用微耳石推算出雅砻江曲入河样本繁殖时间约为2—5月;软刺裸裂尻鱼卵径分布呈现多峰型,卵巢中存在4个时相的卵母细胞,为分批产卵类型。【结论】金沙江流域软刺裸裂尻鱼具有的分批产卵、繁殖时间长、雌性群体数量大于雄性、初次性成熟年龄和体长较小、卵径大等特征,能为保证其群体快速繁衍,维系较大种群数量提供保障,这也可能是其在金沙江水系广泛分布的原因。【Objective】This study aims to explore the reproductive characteristics of Schizopygopsis mal⁃acanthus in Jinshajiang River.【Method】Total 677 fish samples were collected from the main streams and tributaries of Jinshajiang River from June 2017 to July 2022.The reproductive characteristics were studied using paraffin wax,otolith daily increment technique,and growth equation.【Result】The males and females that reached sexual maturity during the breeding season could be distinguished by the anal fin barb,with beads present in the male anal fin and trunk.The ratio of female to male was 1.36∶1,which was significantly different from 1∶1(χ^(2)=10.276,P<0.05).The first mature body length and age of male and female fish in the Jinsha group were 13.88 cm and 4.09 age,9.88 cm and 3.07 age,respectively.The first mature body length and age of male and female fish in the Yalong group were 14.01 cm and 4.18 age,10.53 cm and 3.08 age,respectively.The absolute fecundity was 1176-9342 and the relative fecundity was 15.7-58.8.The fecundity was positively correlated with body length and body weight.Using Lauillus,it is estimated that the breeding time of the Quru River samples from Yalong River is about 2 to 5 months.Schizopygopsis malacanthus presents a multi-peak pattern of egg diameter distribution,with four phases of oocytes in the ovary,indicating a batch spawning type.【Conclusion】In the Jinshajiang River,Schizopygopsis malacanthus has the characteristics of batch spawning,long reproduction time,a larger female population than the male population,a smaller first sexual maturity age,a smaller body length,and large egg diameter,which can guarantee its rapid population reproduction and maintain a large population.This may also be the reason for its wide distribution in the Jinshajiang River system.

关 键 词：金沙江 软刺裸裂尻鱼 繁殖特性 产卵类型 

分 类 号：S931.1[农业科学—渔业资源]