减氮配施有机肥对枇杷园土壤肥力的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Reduction Combined with Organic Fertilizer on Soil Fertility in Loquat Orchard

作　　者：王晓莉 徐嘉宁 罗弦 罗娅[1] 邓群仙 贾永霞 WANG Xiaoli;XU Jianing;LUO Xian;LUO Ya;DENG Qunxian;JIA Yongxia(College of Horticulture,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China;College of Resources,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学园艺学院,成都611130 [2]四川农业大学资源学院,成都611130

出　　处：《四川农业大学学报》2025年第1期138-147,204,共11页Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University

基　　金：四川省科技支撑计划“十四五”育种攻关项目(2021YFYZ0023-07);国家现代化农业产业技术体系四川水果创新团队项目(SCCXTD-2024-04)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究减氮配施商品有机肥、微生物有机肥和碳基有机肥对枇杷园土壤肥力的提升效果。【方法】以‘大五星’枇杷园为试验地,设置不施肥(CK)、常规施肥(CF)、商品有机肥替代30%(LOF)、60%(MOF)和90%(HOF)化学氮肥、微生物有机肥替代30%(LMF)、60%(MMF)和90%(HMF)化学氮肥、碳基有机肥替代30%(LBF)、60%(MBF)和90%(HBF)化学氮肥11个处理,研究减氮配施有机肥后枇杷园土壤理化性质及生物学性质的变化,并进一步对土壤肥力进行综合评价。【结果】CF处理对土壤容重和孔隙度均无显著影响,减氮配施有机肥可以一定程度降低土壤容重,提高土壤孔隙度。CF处理提高了土壤有效养分含量;与CF相比,所有处理均显著提高了全氮和碱解氮含量,而仅MOF、HOF、LBF、MBF和HBF处理显著提高了土壤有机质、有效磷和速效钾含量。CF处理提高了土壤微生物生物量及脲酶活性,而对土壤蔗糖酶和磷酸酶无影响。减氮配施有机肥的所有处理均较CF显著提高了土壤微生物量碳、氮含量和脲酶、蔗糖酶活性,而LMF、MOF、HOF、LBF、MBF和HBF处理显著提高了土壤微生物量磷含量和磷酸酶活性。基于最小数据集评价各处理下枇杷园土壤综合肥力,得出HBF、MBF、HMF处理的土壤肥力最高,HOF、MMF处理居中,MOF、LBF、LMF较低。【结论】减氮配施有机肥均能够提高枇杷园土壤肥力,其中,减氮90%、60%配施碳基有机肥和减氮90%配施微生物有机肥处理的土壤肥力最高,其次为减氮90%配施商品有机肥和减氮60%配施微生物有机肥。且在同等替代量时,碳基有机肥和微生物有机肥对土壤肥力的提升效果较商品有机肥更好。【Objective】This study is to explore the effects of nitrogen reduction combined with commercial organic fertilizer,bio-organic fertilizer,and biochar-based organic fertilizer on soil fertility in loquat orchards.【Method】The'Dawuxing'loquat orchard was used as the experimental plot.The 11 treatments included no fertilization(CK),conventional fertilization(CF),commercial organic fertilizer replacing 30%(LOF),60%(MOF)and 90%(HOF)chemical nitrogen fertilizer,bio-organic fertilizer replacing 30%(LMF),60%(MMF)and 90%(HMF)chemical nitrogen fertilizer,biochar-based organic fertilizer replacing 30%(LBF)and 60%(MBF)and 90%(HBF)chemical nitrogen fertilizer.This study investigated the changes in soil physical and chemical properties,as well as biological properties,following nitrogen reduction combined with organic fertilizer application in loquat orchards and comprehensively evaluated soil fertility.【Result】The CF treatment did not affect soil bulk density(BD)and porosity,while nitrogen reduction combined with organic fertilizer application reduced soil BD and increased soil porosity to a certain extent.Although the CF treatment increased soil available nutrient content,total nitrogen(TN)and available nitrogen(AN)contents were significantly higher in all treatments compared with CF.Treatments MOF,HOF,LBF,MBF,and HBF further significantly increased soil organic matter(SOM),available phosphorus(AP),and available potassium(AK)contents.The CF treatment increased soil microbial biomass and urease(URE)activity but had no effect on soil invertase(INV)and alkaline phosphatase(ALP)activities.Compared with CF,all treatments of nitrogen reduction combined with organic fertilizer significantly increased soil microbial biomass carbon(MBC)and nitrogen(MBN)contents,as well as urease(URE)and invertase(INV)activities.Treatments LMF,MOF,HOF,LBF,MBF,and HBF also significantly increased soil microbial biomass phosphorus(MBP)content and alkaline phosphatase(ALP)activity.Soil fertility in the loquat orchard was evaluated based on the

关 键 词：减氮 有机肥 枇杷园 土壤肥力 综合评价 

分 类 号：S667.3[农业科学—果树学] S6062[农业科学—园艺学]