脱硫石膏常压盐溶液法制备硫酸钙晶须的研究进展  

Progress in Preparation of Calcium Sulfate Whiskers from Desulfurization Gypsum with Salt Solution Method at Atmospheric Pressure

作　　者：刘虎林 王静[1] 伍媛婷[1] 海鸥 薛云龙 张新孟[1] LIU Hulin;WANG Jing;WU Yuanting;HAI Ou;XUE Yunlong;ZHANG Xinmeng(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials,Shaanxi University of Science and Technology,Xi'an 710021,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西科技大学材料科学与工程学院,陕西省无机材料绿色制备与功能化重点实验室,陕西西安710021

出　　处：《陶瓷学报》2025年第1期60-74,共15页Journal of Ceramics

基　　金：陕西高校青年创新团队(2022-70);陕西省教育厅青年创新团队科研计划项目(24JP023)。

摘　　要：脱硫石膏是对含硫燃料燃烧烟气进行脱硫处理后得到的工业副产品。以其为原料制备硫酸钙晶须是实现脱硫石膏高附加值利用的主要途径之一。围绕近年来制备硫酸钙晶须的研究成果,在分析脱硫石膏和硫酸钙晶体基本特征的基础上,总结了常压盐溶液法制备硫酸钙晶须的反应机理和工艺条件,讨论了以脱硫石膏为原料制备硫酸钙晶须的几个关键问题。分析表明,常压盐溶液法中硫酸钙晶须的生长包括二水硫酸钙溶解、半水硫酸钙析出与晶须生长三个过程,在一定范围内提高反应温度、增大盐溶液浓度和料浆浓度、降低pH值均有利于硫酸钙晶须的生长。脱硫石膏中存在的多种杂质会影响硫酸钙晶须制品的纯度和形貌,需要通过物理手段和化学方法进行预处理。选择含Na^(+)或Mg^(2+)的氯盐或者硝酸盐可增大二水硫酸钙溶解度、降低溶液水活度和调控脱水速率进而促进半水硫酸钙晶须的生长,而通过转晶剂离子在硫酸钙晶须不同晶面的选择吸附可控制晶须形貌。一般金属阳离子可促进晶须生长,增大长径比;有机阴离子会抑制晶须生长,形成短柱状硫酸钙。[Significance]Desulfurization gypsum is an industrial by-product obtained after desulfurization treatment of combustion flue gases from sulfur-containing fuels.Besides the major component which is calcium sulfate dihydrate,desulfurization gypsum also contains various metal elements and harmful substances.If desulfurization gypsum is treated by stacking or landfilling,it will not only lead to resource waste but also severely environment pollution.It is necessary to utilize desulfurization gypsum through reasonable means.Currently,desulfurization gypsum is mainly used as raw materials in the building materials industry,agriculture,etc.However,these approaches have relatively low added values.There is significant potential in realizing high-value utilization of desulfurization gypsum by fabricating calcium sulfate whiskers(CSWs).CSWs are one-dimensional inorganic materials,possessing advantages such as high strength and toughness,corrosion resistance,non-toxicity and high insulation properties,etc.They are widely used in industries,including paper-making,medicine and construction materials.Consequently,efforts have been made to prepare high-quality CSWs using desulfurization gypsum as raw materials.This paper was aimed to review the progress in the synthesis of CSWs via the salt solution method at atmospheric pressure.The reaction mechanism and process conditions are elucidated based on the characteristics of CSWs.Several key issues in the preparation of CSW from desulfurization gypsum are discussed based on the characteristics of desulfurization gypsum.[Progress]Firstly,the basic characteristics of desulfurization gypsum are introduced.There are dry,semi-dry and wet desulfurization gypsums.Dry desulfurization gypsum mainly consists of CaSO_(3)·2H_(2)O,CaCO_(3),and small content of CaSO_(4)·2H_(2)O and CaO.Semi-dry desulfurization gypsum is primarily composed of CaSO_(3)·0.5H_(2)O and CaCO_(3).Wet desulfurization gypsum mainly contains CaSO_(4)·2H_(2)O,with small content of CaCO_(3) and SiO_(2).In addition,desul

关 键 词：脱硫石膏 硫酸钙晶须 常压盐溶液法 生长机理 

分 类 号：TQ174.75[化学工程—陶瓷工业]