纤维增强SiO_(2)气凝胶复合材料的湿热老化行为研究  

Hygrothermal Durability of Fiber-reinforced SiO_(2)Aerogel Composites

作　　者：陈焕勇 姚志安 贾帅德 康大伟 闵亮 李佳 孟庆坤[3] 戚继球[3] CHEN Huanyong;YAO Zhi’an;JIA Shuaide;KANG Dawei;MIN Liang;LI Jia;MENG Qingkun;QI Jiqiu(Guangdong Provincial Highway Construction Co.,Ltd.,Guangzhou 510699,Guangdong,China;Shenzhen-Zhongshan Corridor Management Center,Zhongshan 528400,Guangdong,China;School of Materials Science and Physics,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,Jiangsu,China;Jiangsu CUMT Dazheng Surface Engineering Technology Co.,Ltd.,Xuzhou 221000,Jiangsu,China;Jiangsu Dazheng Zhi'an Technology Co.,Ltd.,Nanjing 210036,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省公路建设有限公司,广东广州510699 [2]深中通道管理中心,广东中山528400 [3]中国矿业大学材料与物理学院,江苏徐州221116 [4]江苏中矿大正表面工程技术有限公司,江苏徐州221000 [5]江苏大正智安科技有限公司,江苏南京210036

出　　处：《陶瓷学报》2025年第1期150-158,共9页Journal of Ceramics

基　　金：徐州市科技成果转化项目(KC22441)。

摘　　要：针对桥梁缆索防火需求,以玻璃纤维、玻璃纤维—玄武岩纤维复合材料和玄武岩纤维为基体,采用溶胶—凝胶和乙醇超临界干燥制备出三种SiO_(2)气凝胶复合材料,并探索气凝胶复合材料在湿热老化测试中的结构和性能变化。结果表明湿热老化测试前三种气凝胶复合材料的纤维和基体都结合良好,气凝胶均匀填充在纤维组成的骨架中。在温度为60℃湿度为90%的湿热老化测试180天后,部分纤维从气凝胶中脱出,导致气凝胶块体发生破碎。湿热老化测试180天后,玻璃纤维/气凝胶复合材料、玻璃纤维—玄武岩纤维/气凝胶复合材料和玄武岩纤维/气凝胶复合材料的抗拉强度分别下降4.9%、11.7%、10.3%,而热导率分别升高5.6%、9.2%、8.4%。基于力学性能和隔热性能的衰减以及Hallberg Peck模型,建立自然环境下湿热老化寿命预测方程。以广州地区作为服役环境,并以力学性能和隔热性能的衰退均不超过10%作为气凝胶复合材料的失效标准,玻璃纤维/气凝胶复合材料、玻璃纤维—玄武岩纤维/气凝胶复合材料和玄武岩纤维/气凝胶复合材料在自然环境下的湿热老化寿命分别为18.7年、10.4年和11年。研究表明,三种气凝胶复合材料均可在桥梁潮湿环境中长期服役,在桥梁缆索火灾防火中具有重要的应用前景。[Background and Purpose]The construction of large-span steel suspension bridges has increased demand for fire protection materials that can withstand the harsh conditions,including potential fires and humid environments.Traditional fire protection materials often fail to meet the specific requirements of bridge cables,such as lightweight,flexibility and maintaining performance in humid conditions.Fiber-reinforced SiO_(2) aerogel composites offer a promising solution,due to their superior thermal insulation and mechanical properties.However,the long-term performance of these composites under hygrothermal aging conditions,which are critical for their application in bridge cables,remains unexplored.This study was aimed to address this issue by evaluating the hygrothermal aging behavior of fiber-reinforced SiO_(2) aerogel composites,thus predicting their service life in natural environments.[Methods]Three types of SiO_(2) aerogel composites were prepared,with glass fiber,glass fiber-basalt fiber composites,and basalt fiber as matrices,by using sol-gel technology and supercritical ethanol drying processes.The composites were subjected to hygrothermal aging tests at 60℃and 90%relative humidity for up to 180 days.Microstructure,mechanical properties and thermal insulation performance of the composites before and after aging were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),universal testing machine and thermal conductivity measurements.The degradation of mechanical and thermal insulation performance was analyzed,while a prediction model for the service life of the composites under natural environmental conditions was proposed based on the Hallberg-Peck model.[Results]It is found that the fiber was bonded with the aerogels well in the initial state of the composites,with aerogels uniformly filling the fiber-formed framework.After hygrothermal aging for 180 days,some fibers detached from the aerogel,leading to partial fracture of the aerogel blocks

关 键 词：桥梁防火 气凝胶复合材料 湿热老化 抗拉强度 隔热性能 

分 类 号：TQ174.75[化学工程—陶瓷工业]