急性有氧运动对学龄儿童工作记忆影响的研究  

Study on the Effects of Acute Aerobic Exercise on the Working Memory of School-Age Children

作　　者：周术锋 单丽 蔡治东[3] 朱欢 ZHOU Shufeng;SHAN Li;CAI Zhidong;ZHU Huan(Hubei Minzu University,Enshi 445000,China;Minda Hospital of Hubei Minzu University,Enshi 445000,China;Suzhou University of Science and Technology,Suzhou 215009,China.)

机构地区：[1]湖北民族大学,湖北恩施445000 [2]湖北民族大学附属民大医院,湖北恩施445000 [3]苏州科技大学,江苏苏州215009

出　　处：《中国体育科技》2025年第2期38-48,共11页China Sport Science and Technology

基　　金：全国教育科学规划教育部青年项目(ELA240439)。

摘　　要：目的:探讨急性有氧运动对学龄儿童工作记忆、脑电功率的影响,并分析其发生机制。方法:以32名学龄儿童为实验对象,随机分为实验组(n=16)和对照组(n=16)。实验组进行30 min有氧运动后休息10 min,再完成N-back任务测试,对照组模拟40 min日常生活后完成N-back任务测试。记录两组受试者N-back任务反应时、正确率、速率校正分数(rate-correct score,RCS)及0-back、1-back、2-back记忆负荷下的脑电α、β、γ功率。结果:两组受试者的正确率(P<0.05)、RCS(P<0.05)、F7(P<0.01)和F3/P3/O1(P<0.05)通道的α和β对数相对功率的记忆负荷×组别交互效应显著。其中,实验组的正确率、RCS、F7/F3/P3/O1通道β对数相对功率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),实验组F7/F3/P3/O1通道α对数相对功率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组受试者的正确率、反应时、RCS、F7/F3/P3/O1通道α对数相对功率随着记忆负荷增加而显著降低(P<0.05),F7/F3/P3/O1通道β对数相对功率随着记忆负荷增加而显著升高(P<0.05)。结论:急性有氧运动可以改善儿童工作记忆表现,其神经学机制与运动改变脑电α、β波特征有关;工作记忆状态下脑电α波呈现抑制特征,脑电β波呈现增强特征。Objectives:To explore the effects of acute aerobic exercise on the working memory and electroencephalogram(EEG)power of school-age children,and to investigate its underlying mechanism.Methods:Thirty-two school-age children were selected as experimental subjects and randomly divided into experimental group(n=16)and control group(n=16).The experimental group underwent 30 min of aerobic exercise,took a 10 min break,and then took the N-back task test.The control group underwent the N-back task test after simulating 40 min of daily life.The reaction time,accuracy rate,response confidence score(RCS),and the EEGα,β,andγpowers under the 0-back,1-back,and 2-back memory load of the subjects in both groups were recorded.Results:There was an interaction effect between group and memory load in terms of the accuracy rate(P<0.05),RCS(P<0.05),and the logarithmic relative powers ofαandβin the F7(P<0.01)and F3/P3/O1(P<0.05)channels of the subjects in both groups.Among them,the accuracy rate,RCS,and the logarithmic relative power ofβwaves in the F7/F3/P3/O1 channels of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P<0.05),while the logarithmic relative power ofαwaves in the F7/F3/P3/O1 channels of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).The accuracy rate,reaction time,RCS,and the logarithmic relative power ofαwaves in the F7/F3/P3/O1 channels of the subjects in both groups decreased as the memory load increased significantly(P<0.05),and the logarithmic relative power ofβwaves in the F7/F3/P3/O1 channels increased as the memory load increased significantly(P<0.05).Conclusions:Acute aerobic exercise can improve the performance of children's working memory,and its neurological mechanism is related to the changes in the characteristics of EEGαandβwaves caused by exercise.Under the state of working memory,the EEGαwave shows inhibitory characteristics,and the EEGβwave shows enhanced characteristics.

关 键 词：急性有氧运动 学龄儿童 工作记忆 脑电波 

分 类 号：G804.8[文化科学—运动人体科学]