基于瓶颈链路车道反置的应急交通网络优化研究  

Research on optimization of emergency traffic network based on lane reversal of bottleneck link

作　　者：赵梦涵 吕伟[1] 江惠华 敬文霞 汪京辉 林皓澜 ZHAO Menghan;LYU Wei;JIANG Huihua;JING Wenxia;WANG Jinghui;LIN Haolan(School of Safety Science and Emergency Management,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan Hubei 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉理工大学安全科学与应急管理学院,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《中国安全生产科学技术》2025年第2期152-159,共8页Journal of Safety Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52072286);中央高校基本科研业务费项目(2024AQYJA10)。

摘　　要：为解决城市路网在局部突发事件下通行能力不足、交通压力大的问题,建立双层规划模型协调优化应急路网中救援和疏散2类应急车种的通行效率。利用Frank-Wolfe算法求解上层用户均衡模型,对路网进行救援和疏散的流量分配及路径选择;识别路网中的瓶颈链路并实施逆流交通组织措施,设置应急路网上的逆流车道数限制,以最小化应急车辆总行程时间为目标,求解下层模型得到最佳逆流车道组织方案;以Nguyen-Dupuis路网为例验证方法的正确性和有效性。研究结果表明:基于瓶颈链路车道逆流的双层规划模型对应急交通网络优化具有有效性,但应急路网中逆流车道数的增加对疏散效率的提升存在上限,且该提升趋势逐渐减缓;直接连接受灾、安全区域,且可构成最短路径的链路更为重要,因此发生突发事件时,可优先考虑实施交通管制措施维持这类链路的通行能力。研究结果可为相关部门在制定应急预案和交通规划时提供科学、有效的参考依据,进而提高城市的应急管理和突发事件处置能力。To address the issues of insufficient traffic capacity and large traffic pressure in urban road networks during localized emergencies,a bi-level programming model was established to coordinate and optimize the passage efficiency of two types of emergency vehicles,including rescue and evacuation,within the emergency road network.Firstly,the upper-level user equilibrium model was solved using the Frank-Wolfe algorithm to allocate the traffic flow and determine the path selection for rescue and evacuation operations within the road network.Secondly,the bottleneck links in the road network were identified,and the contraflow traffic management measures were implemented.Then,a limit was set on the number of contraflow lanes in the emergency road network,aiming to minimize the total travel time of emergency vehicles,and the optimal organization scheme of contraflow lanes was obtained by solving the lower-level model.Finally,the correctness and effectiveness of this method were validated using the Nguyen-Dupuis road network as a case study.The results show that the bi-level programming model based on the contraflow lanes of bottleneck links is effective for optimizing emergency traffic networks.However,there is an upper limit to the enhancement of evacuation efficiency due to the increase in the number of contraflow lanes within the emergency road network,and this improvement trend gradually diminishes over time.Furthermore,the links that directly connect the disaster areas to safe zones and form the shortest paths are of greater importance.Thus,during an emergency,the priority should be given to implement the traffic control measures,so as to maintain the capacity of these critical links.The research results can provide scientific and effective reference for relevant departments in formulating the emergency plans and traffic plans,and then improve the urban emergency management and emergency response capabilities.

关 键 词：应急交通组织 反向车道控制 瓶颈链路 应急救援 应急疏散 

分 类 号：TP391.9[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术] X913.4[自动化与计算机技术—计算机科学与技术]