独头蒜种质资源评价筛选及鳞茎生长发育研究  

Evaluation and Screening of Single Clove Garlic Germplasm Resources and Study on Bulb Growth and Development

作　　者：宋哲 张婷婷 宋江萍[2] 贾会霞 张晓辉[2] 阳文龙 王海平[2] SONG Zhe;ZHANG Tingting;SONG Jiangping;JIA Huixia;ZHANG Xiaohui;YANG Wenlong;WANG Haiping(College of Horticultural,Shanxi Agricultural University,Jinzhong 030801,Shanxi,China;Institute of Vegetables and Flowers,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,National Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biological Breeding,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学园艺学院,山西晋中030801 [2]中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所,蔬菜生物育种全国重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《中国蔬菜》2025年第2期106-114,共9页China Vegetables

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划项目(2022LZGCQY015);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金资助项目(CARS-24-A-01);国家自然科学基金项目(32172566);中国农业科学院创新工程项目(CAAS-ASTIP-2021-IVF);农业农村部作物种质资源安全保存项目(2023NWB037);国家园艺种质北京蔬菜分库运行服务项目(NHGRC2022-NH01);国家作物种质资源数据中心观测监测任务项目(ZX01NK-03)。

摘　　要：以47份大蒜种质资源为材料,对独头蒜形成的相关农艺性状进行综合评价,筛选获得独头蒜优异种质,并对典型种质的鳞茎生长发育过程进行表型和细胞学观测。结果表明:在47份大蒜种质中,温江红七星的农艺性状综合评价最优异,独头率远远高于其他种质,为最佳生产独头蒜的种质。主要农艺性状的相关分析结果显示,独头率与独头蒜鳞茎横径呈极显著正相关,与叶片数、株高、假茎高、假茎粗、叶长、叶宽呈极显著负相关,这些性状可作为筛选优异独头蒜种质的辅助指标。通过对温江红七星地下鳞茎的生长发育表型观测,发现独头蒜生长发育分为休眠期、萌芽期、幼苗期、鳞芽分化期、鳞茎膨大期。在幼苗期,鳞茎横径、鳞茎围度和鳞茎鲜质量数值最小,进入鳞芽分化期后植株长势逐渐变快;对其鳞茎解剖学观察发现在鳞芽分化期鳞茎盘上有多个新生腋芽,但仅有一个鳞芽膨大最终发育为独头蒜。研究结果可为独头蒜品种的选育和生产提供育种资源和技术支撑。In this study,we meticulously evaluated the related agronomic characters of 47 garlic germplasm resources,screening the excellent germplasm of single clove garlic,and the bulb growth and development process of typical germplasm was observed by phenotype and cytology.The results showed that among 47 garlic germplasms,the comprehensive analysis of agronomic characters of‘Wenjianghongqixing’is the best,and the single clove garlic rate was much higher than other germplasm,which is the best germplasm for producing single clove garlic.The correlation analysis of main yield characters and agronomic characters showed that the single clove garlic rate was positively correlated with the transverse diameter of garlic bulb,and negatively correlated with the number of leaves per plant,plant height,pseudostem height,pseudostem diameter,leaf length and leaf width,which could be used as an auxiliary index for screening excellent germplasm of single clove garlic.By observing the growth and development phenotype of underground bulb of‘Wenjianghongqixing’it was found that the growth and development of single clove garlic was divided into dormancy,germination,seedling,scale bud differentiation and bulb expansion.In the seedling stage,the diameter,girth and weight of bulb were the smallest,and the plant grew faster after entering the scale bud differentiation stage.Anatomical observation of its bulb showed that many small scale buds were formed in the bulb disc during the scale bud differentiation stage,but only one scale bud expanded to form a single clove of garlic.The results of this study will provide material and technical support for the breeding and production of single clove garlic.

关 键 词：独头蒜 种质资源 生长规律 

分 类 号：S633.4[农业科学—蔬菜学]