菊科蔬菜菌核病病原鉴定及其对氟唑菌酰羟胺的敏感性  

Pathogen Isolation,Identification of Sclerotinina Disease on Asteraceae Vegetables and Its Sensitivity to Pydiflumetofen

作　　者：李阿根[1,2] 朱颖 程静雯[1,2] 石铖开 张传清 吴鉴艳[2] LI Agen;ZHU Ying;CHENG Jingwen;SHI Chengkai;ZHANG Chuanqing;WU Jianyan(Yuhang’s Management Station for Agricultural Ecology and Plant Protection of Hangzhou,Hangzhou 311100,Zhejiang,China;College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences,Zhejiang A&F University,Lin’an 311300,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]杭州市余杭区农业生态与植物保护管理总站,浙江杭州311100 [2]浙江农林大学现代农学院,浙江临安311300

出　　处：《中国蔬菜》2025年第2期123-130,共8页China Vegetables

摘　　要：菌核病是我国蔬菜主要病害之一,亦分布全球。为明确菊科蔬菜菌核病的致病菌,从浙江省杭州市3个蔬菜基地采集具有典型菌核病病症的样本分离病原菌,联合形态学特征、ITS序列和laccase 2基因序列鉴定病原,并测定其致病力;采用菌丝生长速率法测定病原菌对氟唑菌酰羟胺的敏感性。结果表明:从叶用莴苣(生菜、油麦菜)和茎用莴苣(莴笋)上分离到的62株病原菌菌株,6株属于小核盘菌(Sclerotinia minor),56株属于核盘菌(S.sclerotiorum);S.minor的菌丝生长速率显著低于S.sclerotiorum,但前者产生菌核的时间较早,数量较多。致病性试验结果表明,这两类核盘菌在3种菊科蔬菜上都可引起水渍状、褐色病斑,后期在病组织上形成白色菌丝和菌核,但S.minor的致病力显著弱于S.sclerotiorum,这是国内首次报道S.minor在菊科蔬菜上的为害。离体抑菌试验结果表明,氟唑菌酰羟胺对这两类核盘菌菌丝生长均有较高的抑制活性,83.9%的菌株对氟唑菌酰羟胺的EC50值<0.01μg·mL^(-1),可以推荐使用氟唑菌酰羟胺及其复配药剂防治菊科蔬菜菌核病。Sclerotinina disease is a devastating fungal disease with worldwide distribution known to affect many commercial crops.In this study,vegetables with typical symptoms of Sclerotinina were collected from Hangzhou City,Zhejiang Province to obtain the pathogen by tissue isolation.The pathogenic fungus was identified based on the morphologies and molecular biological analysis,and then the pathogenicity was tested sensitivity to pydiflumetofen was determined by mycelial growth rate test.The results showed that 62 Sclerotinia,isolates were obtained from diseased leaf lettuce and stem lettuce,and combined with ITS and laccase 2 gene sequence analysis,6 isolates were classified into Sclerotinia minor,other 56 isolates were S.sclerotiorum.On PDA medium,the mycelial growth rate of S.minor was significantly lower than that of S.sclerotiorum,but the time of sclerotiorum production of S.minor was earlier,and the number of sclerotiorum of S.minor was higher.The virulence of Sclerotinia isolates on different vegetables were confirmed,the isolates caused the typical watery and brown lesions,and form white mycelia and sclerotiorum on infected tissues at the later stage.Sclerotiorum in Asteraceae vegetables caused by S.minor was first reported in China,and comparing the lesion diameter caused by S.minor and S.sclerotiorum,the greater virulence of S.sclerotiorum was observed on all tested hosts.Pydiflumetofen sensitivity of Sclerotinia isolates was determined by the 50%effective concentration value,the results showed that 83.9%of the assayed isolates having an EC50 of less than 0.01μg·mL^(-1).Our results suggested that pydiflumetofen and its mixtures could be selected for controlling Sclerotinina on Asteraceae vegetables.

关 键 词：菊科蔬菜 核盘菌 小核盘菌 致病性 氟唑菌酰羟胺 敏感性 

分 类 号：S43[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]