多节点生物防治山药茎基腐病施肥方案探究  

Study on Fertilization Scheme of Multi-node Biological Control of Base Rot in Chinese Yam

作　　者：王晓民 赵树楠 宗佳蓓 张英杰 刘燕燕 武才女 张杰[2,3,4] WANG Xiaomin;ZHAO Shu’nan;ZONG Jiabei;ZHANG Yingjie;LIU Yanyan;WU Cainyu;ZHANG Jie(Cotton Research Institute,Shanxi Agricultural University,Yuncheng 044000,Shanxi,China;College of Life Sciences,Shanxi Normal University,Taiyuan 030031,Shanxi,China;Shanxi Provincial Engineering Research Center for Microbial Application Technology,Taiyuan 030031,Shanxi,China;Research and Promotion Center of Microbial Fertilizer Technology,Baoding 071051,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学棉花研究所,山西运城044000 [2]山西师范大学生命科学学院,山西太原030031 [3]山西省微生物应用技术工程研究中心,山西太原030031 [4]微生物肥料技术研究推广中心,河北保定071051

出　　处：《中国蔬菜》2025年第2期131-139,共9页China Vegetables

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系资助项目(CARS-21);山西师范大学横向项目(0110/020520230005)。

摘　　要：为探究多节点生物防治山药茎基腐病的高产优质施肥方案,以山西太谷山药为试验材料,单施化肥为对照(CK),研究不同生物有机肥用量与化肥配施、液体微生物菌剂蘸根和冲施对山药出苗率、生长指标、茎基腐病病情指数、产量、品质、经济效益以及土壤微生物丰富度的影响。结果表明:T_(2)处理山药出苗率较CK提高0.26百分点;多糖含量、黏附性和蛋白质含量较CK分别增加0.24百分点、14.81%和2.39百分点;茎基腐病病情指数最低,防效为46.42%;产量、产值、利润分别较CK提高38.68%、42.53%和55.16%;根际土壤茎基腐病致病菌镰刀菌属的相对丰度最低,较CK降低3.98百分点。因此,在移栽前使用液体微生物菌剂浸泡种薯,基肥采用复合肥和30000 kg·hm^(-2)生物有机肥配施,在追肥期交替追施复合肥和液体微生物菌剂,是有效防治山药茎基腐病的高产优质施肥方案。To explore a high-yield and high-quality fertilization scheme involving multiple stages of biological control for yam stem base rot disease,Taigu Chinese yams from Shanxi Province were used as experimental materials.A single application of chemical fertilizer served as the blank control.The effects of different dosages of bio-organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizers,as well as root dipping and root drenching with liquid microbial agents,on Chinese yam emergence rate,growth indicators,stem base rot disease index,yield,quality,economic benefits,and soil microbial richness were studied.The results showed that the emergence rate in the T2 treatment increased by 0.26 percentage points compared to the control(CK).The contents of Chinese yam polysaccharides,adhesiveness,and protein increased by 0.24 percentage points,14.81%,and 2.39 percentage points over CK,respectively.The disease index of stem base rot was the lowest in T_(2),with a control efficacy of 46.42%.The Chinese yam yield,the output value and the profit representing increases of 38.68%,42.53%,and 55.16%over CK,respectively.The relative abundance of Fusarium spp.,the pathogenic fungi causing stem base rot,was the lowest in the T_(2) group,decreasing by 3.98 percentage points compared to CK.Therefore,considering multiple factors,soaking seed yams in liquid microbial agents before transplanting,applying compound fertilizer and 30000 kg·hm^(-2) of bio-organic fertilizer as base fertilizer,and alternately applying compound fertilizer and liquid microbial agents during the topdressing period constitute an effective high-yield and high-quality fertilization scheme for controlling yam stem base rot disease.

关 键 词：山药 生物有机肥 微生物菌剂 茎基腐病 生物防治 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]