竞争性科层结构与基层治理创新异化——兼论竞争性激励的治理限度  

Competitive Hierarchical Structure and Innovative Alienation of Grassroots Governance:On the Governance Limits of Competitive Incentives

作　　者：仇叶 QIU Ye(Wuhan University)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学社会学院

出　　处：《华中科技大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期80-91,共12页Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Social Science Edition)

摘　　要：基层政府的创新行为不仅是政绩竞争的产物,也与科层结构所处的整体激励环境有关。在国家治理转型的背景下,为了强化各项任务的推进力度,竞争性激励机制被广泛引入科层体制,意外地塑造出一种独特的竞争性科层结构,纵向部门间的强竞争关系与横向政府间的多线竞争构成了这一结构的核心特征。这导致县乡两级政府都面临着较强的绩效竞争压力,并在条块关系的互动中进一步强化,迫使它们不得不持续提高竞争强度,最终将创新这一高线任务作为应对竞争拉平效应的主要策略。然而,过强的竞争激励并不契合创新规律,反而会不断吸纳基层稀缺的治理资源,从而引发“伪创新”泛滥与基层治理重心偏移。竞争性科层结构构成了当前理解政府行为的重要激励模型,也为反思强激励的治理限度提供了可能。这表明,在一定程度上释放激励强度将更有利于提高治理绩效,建立合理的创新环境。The innovative behavior of grassroots governments is not only a product of performance competition,but also related to the overall incentive environment in which the bureaucratic structure operates.In the context of national governance transformation,in order to strengthen the promotion of various tasks,competitive incentive mechanisms have been widely introduced into the hierarchical system,unexpectedly shaping a unique competitive hierarchical structure.The strong competition between vertical departments and the multi-line competition between horizontal governments constitute the core features of this structure.This has led to strong performance competition pressure for various parts of grassroots governments,which is further strengthened in the interaction of block relationships,forcing them to continuously increase competition intensity,ultimately making innovation the main strategy to cope with the flattening effect of competition.However,excessive competitive incentives do not conform to the laws of innovation,but instead continuously absorb scarce governance resources at the grassroots level,leading to the proliferation of pseudo innovation and a shift in the focus of grassroots governance.The competitive hierarchical structure constitutes an important incentive model for understanding government behavior and provides the possibility for reflecting on the governance limits of strong incentives.This indicates that releasing incentive intensity to a certain extent will be more conducive to improving governance performance and establishing a reasonable innovation environment.

关 键 词：竞争性激励 基层治理创新 科层结构 激励扭曲 

分 类 号：D630[政治法律—政治学]