轴承剥落故障对驱动电机振动特性的影响  

Effect of spalled rolling bearing failure on vibration characteristics of driving motors

作　　者：王仲 姜娇 王云琦 WANG Zhong;JIANG Jiao;WANG Yunqi(School of Mechanical Engineering,Liaoning Institute of Science and Technology,Benxi 117004,China;School of Mechanical Engineering,Shenyang University of Technology,Shenyang 110870,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁科技学院机械工程学院,辽宁本溪117004 [2]沈阳工业大学机械工程学院,辽宁沈阳110870

出　　处：《机电工程》2025年第2期205-215,共11页Journal of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering

基　　金：辽宁省自然科学基金资助项目(2022-BS-296);辽宁省教育厅高等学校基本科研面上项目(LJKMZ20221690)。

摘　　要：新能源汽车运行过程中,其驱动电机的轴承内部受到交变载荷的作用,会产生疲劳剥落,从而导致驱动电机的整体振动特性发生相应的变化。针对上述问题,以国产某新能源汽车为研究对象,研究了不同工况下轴承剥落故障对驱动电机的振动特性造成的具体影响。首先,对电机轴承内部的几何结构以及载荷分布情况进行了分析,根据轴承游隙和滚动体形变,建立了故障和无故障轴承动力学方程,还推导了转子的不平衡磁力方程;然后,设置了深沟球轴承转子的基本参数,采用有限元和Timoshenko梁单元理论,建立了电机转子动力学模型,在模型的对应节点处加入了剥落故障轴承的动力学方程,研究了升速和稳速状态下模型的动力学响应,还研究了剥落区大小和位置的影响;最后,通过实验进行了数据采集和结果分析,得到了不同转速下的电机轴承故障特征频率。研究结果表明:电机轴承的剥落故障主要引起了电机在轴承故障特征频率处的振动,剥落故障造成的不平衡磁拉力主要引发了电机在2倍转频处的振动,振动的幅值随转速的升高而增大,并与剥落缺陷大小成正相关。该研究可为新能源汽车驱动电机的故障诊断以及振动性能优化提供理论基础。During the operation of new energy vehicle,the bearing of its driving motor is subjected to alternating load,which will cause fatigue spalling,resulting in corresponding changes in the overall vibration characteristics of the driving motor.Aiming at the above problems,taking a new energy vehicle made in China as the research object,the concrete influence of bearing peeling fault on the vibration characteristics of driving motor under different working conditions was studied.Firstly,the geometry and load distribution inside the motor bearings were analyzed,the dynamic equations of faulty and non-faulty bearings were established according to the bearing clearance and rolling element deformation,and the unbalanced magnetic force equation of the rotor was also derived.Then,the basic parameters of deep groove ball bearing rotor were set,the rotor dynamics model of the motor was established by using finite element and Timoshenko beam unit theory,and the dynamic equations of the spalled faulty bearings were added at the corresponding nodes of the model.The dynamic response of the model under the condition of increasing speed and steady speed was studied,and the influence of the size and location of the spalling zone was also studied.Finally,Through the experimental data collection and result analysis,the characteristic frequency of motor bearing fault at different speeds was obtained.The research results show that the spalling faults of motor bearings mainly causes the vibration of the motor at the characteristic frequency of the bearing faults,and the unbalanced magnetic tension caused by the spalling faults mainly lead to the vibration of the generator at two times the rotational frequency.The amplitude of the vibration increases with the increase of the rotational speed,and is positively correlated with the size of the spalling defects.This research provides important theoretical foundations for the diagnosis of the faults of the drive motors of the new energy vehicles as well as for the optimization of the vibration

关 键 词：机械振动 深沟球轴承转子 不平衡磁拉力 电机转子-轴承动力学模型 轴承剥落缺陷区 故障特征频率 

分 类 号：TH133.3[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TM315[电气工程—电机] U469.72[机械工程—车辆工程]