健康与死亡红树林沉积物特征对比分析  

Comparative Analysis of Sediment Characteristics Between Live and Dead Mangroves

作　　者：黄小影 韦海航 覃杰[2] 田红灯[2] 杨景竣 李进华[2] 覃振凯 刘秀[2] HUANG Xiaoying;WEI Haihang;QIN Jie;TIAN Hongdeng;YANG Jingjun;LI Jinhua;QIN Zhenkai;LIU Xiu(Scientific Research Academy of Guangxi Environmental Protection,Nanning,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530022,China;Guangxi Forestry Research Institute,Nanning,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530002,China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区环境保护科学研究院,广西壮族自治区南宁530022 [2]广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院,广西壮族自治区南宁530002

出　　处：《林业与环境科学》2025年第1期22-28,共7页Forestry and Environmental Science

基　　金：广西重点研发计划项目(桂科AB23026057);广西林业科技推广示范项目(2023GXLK07);中央财政林业科技推广示范项目([2023]TG28号)。

摘　　要：为探究红树林死亡后短期内的沉积物理化性质与微生物群落特征的变化,以北海市白龙港健康和死亡红树林为研究对象,对比分析健康与死亡红树林生态系统沉积物的pH、总有机碳、水溶性盐、总硫化物、机械组成以及微生物的多样性和群落结构。结果表明,(1)沉积物的pH、总有机碳和水溶性盐含量在健康与死亡红树林间差异不显著,但健康红树林的总硫化物含量显著大于死亡红树林(P<0.05);(2)0~20 cm的沉积物机械组成在健康与死亡红树林中较为相似,但健康红树林20~40 cm的沉积物主要由粗砂粒组成,而死亡红树林中主要由细砂粒组成;(3)健康红树林沉积物α多样性显著大于死亡红树林(P<0.05),β多样性差异不显著,健康与死亡红树林中微生物类群组成大体相似,少数微生物群落如酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)、迟杆菌门(Latescibacterota)和放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)等相对丰度在两者之间存在显著差异(P<0.05);(4)健康红树林沉积物中pH、总有机碳和水溶性盐两两之间存在极显著相关性(P<0.01),而在死亡红树林中只有总有机碳与微生物多样性呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。综上,红树林死亡后短期内变化较大的是沉积物的总硫化物含量、微生物的α多样性、以及理化因子与微生物多样性之间的相互关系。未来研究应进一步关注红树林退化死亡的长期生态效应,为红树林生态系统的可持续发展提供更多的科学支持。To investigate the changes in the physicochemical properties and microbial community structure of mangrove sediments in the short term after mangrove death,we compared pH,total organic carbon(TOC),water soluble salt(WS),total sulfide(TS),mechanical composition(SC),microbial diversity and com-munity structure of sediments of live and dead mangrove ecosystems in Bailonggang,Beihai.The results showed that:(1)There were no significant differences in pH,TOC and WS contents between live and dead mangroves,but the TS content of live mangroves was significantly higher than that of dead mangroves(P<0.05).(2)The mechanical composition of 0-20 cm sediments in live mangroves was similar to that in dead mangroves,but the 20-40 cm sediments in live mangroves were mainly composed of coarse sand grains while those in dead mangroves were mainly composed of fine sand grains.(3)The α diversity of microbe in live mangrove sediment was significantly greater than that of dead mangrove sediment(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference inβdiversity.The composition of microbial groups in the live and dead mangroves was similar,but the relative abundances of a few microbial groups,such as Acidobacteriota,Latescibacterota and Actinobacteriota,were significantly different from each other(P<0.05).(4)There was a significant correlation between pH,TOC and WS in live mangrove(P<0.01),while only TOC was significantly negatively correlated with microbial diversity in dead mangroves(P<0.05).In conclusion,in the short term after mangrove death,the contents of TS,α diversity of microbe,and the relationship between physicochemical factors and microbial diversity changed greatly.Future studies should further focus on the long-term ecological effects of mangrove degeneration and death,to provide more scientific support for the sustainable development of mangrove ecosystems.

关 键 词：红树林沉积物 理化性质 微生物群落 多样性 退化死亡 

分 类 号：S714[农业科学—林学] Q938[生物学—微生物学]