东莞城市绿地群落林下草本植物多样性及其对乔木冠层结构等环境因子的响应  

Diversity of Understory Herbaceous Plants in Urban Green Space Communities in Dongguan and Their Responses to Environmental Factors Such as Arbor Canopy Structure

作　　者：周海琪 严朝东 潘丽婵 刘颂颂 胡桢健 ZHOU Haiqi;YAN Chaodong;PAN Lichan;LIU Songsong;HU Zhenjian(Dongguan Institute of Forestry Sciences/National Positioning Observation and Research Station of Forest Ecosystem in Pearl River Estuary Urban Agglomeration,Dongguan,Guangdong 523000,China;College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]东莞市林业科学研究所/广东珠江口城市群森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站,广东东莞523000 [2]华南农业大学林学与风景园林学院,广东广州510642

出　　处：《林业与环境科学》2025年第1期126-134,共9页Forestry and Environmental Science

基　　金：东莞市社会发展科技项目(20221800906102);广东省林业科技创新平台项目(2021-KYXM-09-02)。

摘　　要：为研究林下草本植物对维持城市绿地生态系统功能及保护城市生物多样性的影响,以东莞市中心城区公园、社区、街头的75个典型城市绿地样地的乔木数据以及225个1 m×1 m林下草本样方的调查数据为研究对象,综合分析了东莞城市草本植物多样性与乔木林冠结构以及林下光照的关系。结果表明,(1)研究区内共有林下草本植物167种,分属42科,112属。不同绿地类型林下草本植物多样性从高到低依次为公园、社区和街头。(2)乔木密度、林冠结构因子(透光比、叶面积指数、椭球体叶倾角、平均叶倾角和冠层覆盖度)与林下光照(林下散射辐射和林下直接辐射)共8个环境因子,对林下草本植物组成的解释变异量总和为11.68%,乔木密度是影响林下草本植物物种组成和分布的主要环境因子。(3)林下草本植物的6个多样性指数(个体数、Margalef指数、丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数和Pielou指数)均与乔木密度表现出显著正相关,与叶面积指数表现出正相关;而透光比、椭球体叶倾角、林下光照直接辐射与这6个多样性指数表现出负相关。此外,冠层覆盖度与林下草本植物个体数和Shannon-Wiener指数表现出正相关。研究表明,东莞城市绿地乔木的结构和密度在一定程度上调控着林下草本植物物种的组成。合理的城市绿地乔木层密度有助于维持林下草本植物的多样性。Understory herbaceous plants are an essential component of urban green spaces,and studying their role in maintaining urban green space ecosystem functions and protecting urban biodiversity is significant importance.This study focuses on 75 typical urban green space plots in parks,communities,and streets in the central urban area of Dongguan,as well as 225 understory herbaceous quadrats(1 m×1 m),to comprehensively analyze the relationship between urban herbaceous plant diversity and tree canopy structure,as well as understory light conditions.The results indicate that:(1)A total of 167 understory herbaceous plant species,belonging to 42 families and 112 genera,were identified in the study area.The diversity of understory herbaceous plants in different green space types,from high to low,was parks,communities,and streets.(2)Eight environmental factors,including tree density,canopy structure factors(sky view factor,leaf area index,ellipsoidal leaf angle distribution parameter,mean leaf angle,and canopy coverage),and understory light conditions(understory scattered radiation and understory direct radiation),collectively explained 11.68%of the variation in understory herbaceous plant composition.Tree density was the primary environmental factor influencing the species composition and distribution of understory herbaceous plants.(3)Six diversity indices of understory herbaceous plants(individual count,Margalef index,richness index,Shannon-Wiener index,Simpson index,and Pielou index)all showed significant positive correlations with tree density and positive correlations with leaf area index.In contrast,the sky view factor,ellipsoidal leaf angle,and understory direct radiation exhibited negative correlations with these six diversity indices.Additionally,canopy coverage showed positive correlations with the individual count and Shannon-Wiener index of understory herbaceous plants.The study demonstrates that the structure and density of trees in Dongguan′s urban green spaces regulate the species composition of understory

关 键 词：城市绿地 林下辐射 冠层结构 半球面影像技术 林下草本植物多样性 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]