再论马克思与斯宾诺莎的关系——从马克思对《神学政治论》的阅读谈起  

Re-discussing the Relationship between Marx and Spinoza:Beginning with Marx's Reading of Theologico-Political Treatise

作　　者：杨礼银[1] 何鸿杰 YANG Li-yin;HE Hong-jie(Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学,武汉430072

出　　处：《云南大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期23-30,共8页The Journal of Yunnan University:Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“建设中华民族现代文明的哲学基础问题研究”(项目号:24JZD009)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：马克思对《神学政治论》的阅读笔记并不能展现他与斯宾诺莎的真实关系。他在阅读《神学政治论》时直面斯宾诺莎,但并未真正重视斯宾诺莎的哲学,且在不久之后的《神圣家族》中便将斯宾诺莎视为“形而上学的代表”予以否定。事实上,马克思在其自然观和唯物史观的阐释中灵活运用了斯宾诺莎的哲学,对斯宾诺莎的态度逐渐转向正面,并在1857年以后多次给予其正面评价。马克思与斯宾诺莎的真实关系以“内在性原则”,即严格基于世界本身解释世界和改变世界的原则为核心,它是二者的批判所共同遵循的原则。探究二者的思想关系,可以更好地挖掘马克思思想背后的丰富思想资源,以便于更好地将其思想理解为批判、开放和不断发展的学说。Marx's reading notes on Theologico-Political Treatise do not reveal his true relationship with Spinoza.When reading Theological-Political Treatise,he directly confronted Spinoza,but did not truly value Spinoza's philosophy.In The Holy Family,written shortly thereafter,he rejected Spinoza as a“representative of metaphysics”.In fact,Marx flexibly applied Spinoza's philosophy in his interpretation of natural philosophy and historical materialism,gradually shifting his attitude towards Spinoza to a positive one.He gave positive evaluations of Spinoza many times after 1857.The real relationship between Marx and Spinoza is centered on the“principle of immanence”,whose core principle is based on the world itself for explaining and changing the world.Exploring the ideological relationship between the two can better tap into the rich ideological resources in Marx's theory so as to better understand his thought as a critical,open,and constantly evolving doctrine.

关 键 词：马克思 斯宾诺莎 《神学政治论》 内在性原则 

分 类 号：B0[哲学宗教—哲学理论]