徇私枉法罪的司法认定难点及对策研究  

Difficulties in the Judicial Determination of the Crime of Perverting the Law for Private Interests and Coping Strategies

作　　者：王昭武 杨静雪 WANG Zhao-wu;YANG Jing-xue(Yunnan University,Kunming 650091,China)

机构地区：[1]云南大学,昆明650091

出　　处：《云南大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期122-132,共11页The Journal of Yunnan University:Social Sciences Edition

摘　　要：当前徇私枉法罪司法认定的难点主要集中在徇私要素的认定、枉法行为与结果的认定以及徇私枉法罪与受贿罪的罪数处断等方面。司法实务中将徇私限定为“一己之私”或者泛化为“个人情绪”的做法均不符合徇私枉法罪法益保护的要求,徇私要素认定的核心在于徇利动机、徇情动机违反司法工作人员职责义务要求的不正当性。对徇私要素的证明应从动机的不正当性以及行为人的明知两个层面,全面收集主客观证据,合理运用推定规则,借助经验法则从追诉行为违规性和异常性予以证明。在枉法行为及其结果的认定上,要厘清枉法行为与自由裁量、工作失误的边界,在责任分散型枉法中根据参与者的地位与作用确定责任主体、准确溯源归责。在“情节严重”的评价上,可采用先事实归因后规范归责的双阶层递进式路径,合理解决再犯新罪、引发舆情等枉法“次生危害”的归责问题。在罪数处断上,《刑法》第399条第4款规定的受贿罪与徇私枉法罪属于牵连犯,牵连关系是该条款将数罪拟制规定择一重处的正当性基础,属于特别规定,不得类推适用于事先无约定的事后受贿情形以及索贿情形。The current difficulties in the determination of the crime of perverting the law for private interests are mainly related to the determination of the key factors of the private interests,the identification of the act of perverting the law and its consequences,and the determination of the number of crimes when it overlaps with the crime of taking bribes.In judicial practice,limiting the private interests to personal gains or generalizing it as personal emotions does not meet the requirements for the legal interests protected by criminalizing perverting the law for private interests.The core of determining the key factors of the private interests lies in the impropriety of the motives of seeking personal gains or favors,which violates the professional obligations of judicial officers.Therefore,it is essential to prove the improper motive and the conscious awareness through collecting both subjective and objective evidences,making a reasonable inference,and using the common sense for identifying identifying the irregularity and abnormality of the criminal proceedings.In determining the act of perverting the law and its consequences,it is important to distinguish the act of perverting the law and discretionary actions or work errors.In cases of perverting of the law due to the diffusion of responsibility,the responsible parties should be determined by their status and role.In evaluating the severity of the crime,the two-tier system which includes both factual attribution and normative attribution can be adopted to properly address the attribution of secondary harms caused by perverting the law,such as re-offending or causing a public outcry.Regarding the determination of the number of crimes,the crime of taking bribes and the crime of perverting the law for private interests stipulated in Article 399,Paragraph 4 of the Criminal Law are considered as a form of related offenses,which is the basis for the provision to treat two crimes as one and choose the heavier punishment.This is a special provision which should not

关 键 词：徇私枉法罪 徇私 归责 受贿 罪数 

分 类 号：D93.48[政治法律—法学]