白桦四倍体×紫雨桦二倍体杂交种子活力及杂种子代生长特性分析  

Analysis of Seed Vigor and Growth Characteristics of Hybrid Progeny in a Cross between Tetraploid Betula platyphylla×Diploid Betula pendula‘Purple Rain’

作　　者：赵钰婷 陈冬瑶 杨柳[1] 李晶楠 宁广亮 姜静[1] ZHAO Yuting;CHEN Dongyao;YANG Liu;LI Jingnan;NING Guangliang;JIANG Jing(State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,Heilongjiang;Tiefa Coal Industry(Group)Co.,Ltd.Forestry General Farm,Tieling 112700,Liaoning)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学林木遗传育种全国重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150040 [2]铁法煤业(集团)有限责任公司林业总场,辽宁铁岭112700

出　　处：《温带林业研究》2025年第1期1-8,共8页Journal of Temperate Forestry Research

基　　金：大学生创新训练项目(202210225191)。

摘　　要：【目的】通过杂交及后续的筛选得到生长快且叶色艳丽的紫雨桦杂种三倍体。【方法】试验以优异白桦四倍体为母本与二倍体‘紫霞1号’、‘紫霞2号’杂交,获得2个紫雨桦杂种三倍体家系,同时以8个白桦家系(4个白桦三倍体家系、4个白桦二倍体家系)为对照,开展家系间种子千粒重、种子活力、叶色参数及苗期生长等分析。【结果】种子千粒重、发芽率、发芽势、发芽值、发芽指数及活力指数在不同家系间的差异达到了极显著水平(P<0.01)。在种子千粒重方面,紫雨桦杂种三倍体家系的千粒重显著高于二倍体家系;在种子活力方面,发芽率、发芽势、发芽值、发芽指数呈现相同的规律,即白桦二倍体高于或显著高于紫雨桦杂种三倍体及白桦三倍体;白桦二倍体和紫雨桦杂种三倍体的活力指数高于白桦三倍体;叶色参数分析显示,紫雨桦杂种三倍体的紫叶家系Z1和Z2的a^(*)值显著高于其他家系,L^(*)值显著低于其他家系,即Z1和Z2家系的叶片偏红偏暗;在光合色素含量方面,Z1和Z2家系的叶绿素和花青素的相对含量显著高于其他绿叶家系;在苗期生长方面,Z1和Z2三倍体家系的株高均显著高于二倍体紫雨桦,在植物生长发育时期,Z1及Z2家系叶色变异丰富。【结论】研究结果为后续筛选叶色鲜艳、观赏性高的优异紫叶三倍体紫雨桦提供指导。【Objective】Through hybridization and subsequent screening,a fast-growing and brilliantly colored leaf hybrid triploid Betula pendula‘Purple Rain’was obtained.【Method】Two hybrid triploid Betula pendula‘Purple Rain’families were obtained through crossing diploid Betula pendula‘Zixia 1’as well as Betula pendula‘Zixia 2’as male parent with excellent tetraploid Betula platyphylla as female parent in the experiment.At the same time,8 Betula platyphylla families(4 triploid Betula platyphylla families and 4 diploid Betula platyphylla families)were used as controls.Thousand-seed weight,seed vigor,leaf color parameters and seedling growth traits of each family were analysed.【Result】The results showed that the differences in growth indicators among different families reached highly significant levels(P<0.01).Regarding seed thousand-grain weight,the triploid hybrid families of Betula pendula exhibited significantly higher thousand-grain weights compared to the diploid families.In terms of seed vitality,traits such as germination rate,germination vigor,germination value,and germination index were higher or significantly higher in diploid Betula platyphylla than in other families.Both diploid Betula platyphylla and hybrid triploid Betula pendula had higher vitality indices than triploid birch.Leaf color parameter analysis revealed that the purple-leaved Z1 and Z2 families of hybrid triploid Betula pendula exhibited redder and darker leaves.Z1 and Z2 families also had significantly higher relative contents of chlorophyll and anthocyanin,greater plant height,and more pronounced leaf color variations compared to other green-leaved families.【Conclusion】The research results provide guidance for the subsequent screening of outstanding purple-leaved triploid Betula pendula varieties with vibrant foliage and high ornamental value.

关 键 词：紫雨桦 三倍体 种子活力 苗期生长 叶色 

分 类 号：S792.15[农业科学—林木遗传育种] S722.3[农业科学—林学]